农田土壤重金属污染评价方法研究——以长江三角洲典型县级市常熟市为例  

Methods for Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Cropland Soils—A Case Study of Changshu.

作　　者：马成玲[1] 周健民[1] 王火焰[1] 杜昌文[1] 黄标[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2006年第1期48-53,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB410810)

摘　　要：在工业化、现代化过程中，经济发达地区土壤污染是一个十分值得重视的问题，如何合理、恰当地对这些地区的土壤环境质量进行评价也是众所关注和值得探讨的。为此，以长江三角洲典型县级市常熟市为研究对象，在探讨土壤环境背景值的含义、确定方法、评价标准的基础上，通过田间采样和室内分析，对常熟市土壤重金属含量进行调查，并以当地土壤环境背景值上限值和GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准二级标准值为评价标准，分别对该市土壤重金属中7种重金属元素（Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn）污染状况进行评价。结果表明，以当地土壤环境背景值上限值为标准进行评价，7种重金属均有超过背景值现象，其中以Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu和Zn问题较多，超标率达13．6％-20．4％。而以GB15618—1995土壤环境质量标准二级标准值进行评价，则Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn均有超标，Hg有30．6％的土壤样品超标，As、Cr不超标。因此认为采用双重标准进行土壤环境污染状况的评价，可以较全面地了解当地土壤污染状况。With the process of industrialization and modernization moving on, soil pollution in developed areas has become a problem that calls for much concern. How to assess the soil environment quality of this area rationally and properly is now a research topic that deserves study and discussion. Based on discussions about meanings of the background values ,determination methods and evaluation criteria of soil environment, contents of seven heavy metals （Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn） in the soils of Changshu, a typical city in the Yangtze River Delta, were investigated through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Heavy metal pollution of the soils was evaluated with the environmental background values of the soils of Changshu and Grade 11 Criterion of GB 15618 - 1995 as benchmarks. Phenomena were found of the concentration of the seven heavy metals in the soils being beyond their respective background values. Especially for Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu and Zn, their overstandard rates varied from 10% to 20%. And heavy metals,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and Hg,were found beyond Grade 11 Criterion of GB 15618 - 1995 in concentration ,and Hg in particular was overstandard in about 30% of the soil samples. As and Cr, however, were not overstandard. The results suggest that it is more advisable to use both of the standards in assessing soil environment quality for a better understanding of the status of heavy metal pollution in the soils investigated.

关 键 词：长江三角洲 农田 重金属 土壤污染 评价方法 常熟 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X82