综合性医院急诊科急性中毒患者流行病学研究  

A Study on Epidemiology among Emergency Patients in a Comprehensive Hospital with Acute Poisoning

作　　者：阮海林[1] 杨春旭[1] 冯小梅[1] 何嗣华[1] 王承辉[1] 陈文震[1] 黄翔[1] 吴华容[1] 卢丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第四附属医院柳州市工人医院,545005

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2006年第2期141-143,共3页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：吴阶平医学基金会立项资助课题(24-D);柳州市科技局资助;柳州市科协资助项目(20030326)

摘　　要：目的研究综合性医院急诊科收治的急性中毒患者的流行病学特点。方法采用前瞻性研究方法，对2003年我院急诊科收治的急性中毒患者的性别、年龄、职业、发生时间、发生地点、中毒原因、患者来源、毒物种类、中毒物质名称、毒物侵入途径、急诊诊断、去向及转归等项目进行调查统计分析．结果2003年我院急诊科共收治急性中毒患者l954例，男女比为1：1．23，女性多于男性。中毒的年龄主要集中于20～29岁年龄组（占37.21％），此年龄组中女性明显多于男性（女63．41％、男36．59％），其次为30-39岁年龄组（占26.31％）。就诊时间分布特点呈无规律性波动，12月、1月、2月高发，占全年的39．92％。中毒患者的职业排在前4位的是个体开业、农民工、家务及待业人员、儿童和学生。50．92％的中毒发生在家里。就诊时间〉1h者占66．25％，自杀者占急性中毒的31．2％，毒物进入人体最常见的途径是经消化道摄入（77．89％）。首位的中毒种类是其他化学品中毒（不包括药物和农药），占中毒总数的52．58％，居中毒类型第2位的为药物中毒，占14．28％。前6位的中毒病谱依次是酒精中毒、一氧化碳中毒、食物中毒、笨二氮[艹卓]类镇静催眠药中毒、有机磷农药中毒、鼠剂中毒。97．68％的患者治愈出院，1．02％死亡，结论苯研究为急诊科医生提供了有关综合性医院急诊中毒特点的基本资料，为急性中毒防治提供最新的科学资料和依据．Objective To study the characteristics of epidemiology among the emergency patients with acute poisoning in a comprehensive hospital. Methods Prospective study was used to collect data from January 1 st 2003 to December 31 st 2003, and analyze sex, age, occupation, onset time, onset place type of poisons, name of poisons, visiting method, poisoning access, emergency diagnosis, etc, Results 1 954 epidemiologieal reports of the acute poisoning patients were collected in 2003, females were more than males. High incidence group was at ages of 20 - 29 （37. 21% ）, In this group, females （63.41%） were much more than males （36.59%）, The next group were patients at ages of 30 -39 （26.31% ）. The visiting time was not regular, mainly in December, January and February （39. 92% ）. The top four occupations were self - employers, workers, house workers and jobless people and students, 50. 92% poisoning took place at home. 66. 25% patients visited hospital beyond 1 hour after onset. Among the acute poisoning cases, 31.2% were suicide. 77.89% patients poisoned by digestive intake. Tile poisoning types were chemical poisoning （52. 58% ）, medicine poisoning （ 14. 28% ）, food poisoning （ 13.87% ） and pesticide poisoning （13.2%） in turn. The first six poisoning in the disease chart were alcohol poisoning, CO poisoning, food poisoning, benzodiazepinc scdative poisoning, organ phosphorus pesticide poisoning and raticide poisoning. 97.68% patients were cured in the hospital . Mortality rate was 1.02%. Conclusion This study supplies the basic material for the characteristics of common acute poisoning in comprehensive hospitals together with the newest scientific data and theory basis for acute poisoning prevention and treatment.

关 键 词：中毒 急性 流行病学 急诊室 医院 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学] R595[医药卫生—治疗学]