关于流域问题的讨论  

Discussion on Conceptional Issues of Drainage Basins

作　　者：岳健[1] 穆桂金[1] 杨发相[1] 崔卫国[1] 张广妮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2005年第6期775-780,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043502)资助

摘　　要：讨论了与流域概念有关的若干问题。认为现行的流域定义仅指河流的集水区域,具有一定的局限性,与实际应用状况并不完全相符,尤其是在干旱半干旱地区。认为流域的概念应当包括狭义和广义两个方面,人们实际所应用的流域概念多数情况下属于界定并不是很严格的、广义的流域。广义流域是指所有包含某水系(或水系的一部分)并由分水界或其它人为、非人为界线(如灌区界、地貌界等)将其圈闭起来的相对完整、独立的区域。而(广义)流域的实质是地球陆地水及其所携物质在自然状态下、在重力作用的驱使下发生汇集、运移和沉积(或消耗)过程并因此形成一系列相互密切联系、具有特定范围的区域的集合。同时,还探讨了勾画流域界线的方法。Up to now, the implication or definition of “drainage basin” has not evoked any controversy yet at home and abroad. Other common terms for drainage basin are the watershed, catchment or contributing area. But if we compare the definition of drainage basins with the real drainage basins that are talked about in our work and life, we will find that sometimes they are contradictious, especially in arid and semiarid regions. And if we delineate the boundary of a real drainage basin in some areas, such as in Xinjiang, China, strictly according to the usual definition of drainage basin, we will also frequently find it too difficult to finish. Where are the problems？ In this paper, it is considered that the definition of drainage basin needs to be partially revised. Instead of “drainage basin”, it is recommended the term of “drainage area” to depict the real “drainage basins”. According to the definition of “drainage area”, a “drainage basin” sometimes will only be a part of a drainage area. Moreover, the methods of delineating the boundaries of drainage areas are also discussed.

关 键 词：流域 定义 广义 流域界线 

分 类 号：TV212.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]