水肥耦合对玉米田间土壤水分运移的影响  

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Soil Moisture Movement in Corn Fields

作　　者：盛钰 [1] 赵成义 [1] 贾宏涛 [2] LU Li-ping  

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830011 [2]新疆农业大学资源环境学院,新疆,乌鲁木齐,830052

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2005年第6期811-817,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40071009);中科院创新项目(KZCX3-SW-326/327);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999043506);中科院阿克苏水平衡站资助

摘　　要：以干旱区绿洲农田玉米水肥耦合试验为基础,利用含有根系吸水项的一维土壤水动力学模型,模拟了不同水肥条件下玉米蒸散、根系吸水、土体贮水量变化以及田间土壤水量平衡。结果表明:在玉米生长初期以棵间蒸发为主,其后则是以植株蒸腾为主;玉米在30～40cm土层吸水速率达到最大值;玉米灌水量为田间持水量的70%与85%对土壤0～80cm土层贮水量的贡献是相等的,并且高肥力在一定程度上可增强根系的吸水能力,高灌水可增强玉米根系对养分的吸收利用,但对于提高水肥利用率来说,理想的处理为中肥中水。In this paper, an experiment on the water and fertilizer coupling is carried out in corn fields at the Fukang Desert Ecology Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The station is located in Fukang at the south of Gurbantonggut Desert and the north of the Bogda Peak, the highest peak in the east Tianshan Mountains. The experimental area has a typical oasis irrigation agriculture system, where the station is located in, the seasons are distinct, the area is rich in sunshine resources, it is cold in winter but hot and dry in summer, and the average annual precipitation is 164mm. Based on the water and fertilizer coupling experiment in corn field, one-dimensional soil moisture content model containing the water uptake corn roots is used in this paper to simulate the evapotranspiration and the water uptake of corn roots and the change of soil pondage and soil moisture budget under the different water and fertilizer coupling conditions in corn field. The results show that the soil moisture consumption is dominated by evaporation in the growing stage of corn plants, and then by transpiration after jointing stage. The maximum value of water uptake velocity of corn roots occurs at soil depth of 30-40 cm. The contribution of irrigation to soil pondage in corn field is similar when the soil moisture contents are 70% and 85%. The capability of water uptake of corn roots can be increased with increasing the soil fertility to a certain extent, and the nutrient-absorbing capability of corn roots can also be increased with increasing the irrigation volume. However, the moderate irrigation and fertilization are optimal for increasing the water uptake velocity and nutrient-absorbing capability of com roots.

关 键 词：水肥耦合 玉米 土壤 干旱区绿洲 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]