中国苹果属植物小孢子减数分裂染色体系统研究  

EVOLUTIONARY STUDY OF THE CHROMOSOMES AT POLLEN MOTHER CELL MEIOSIS IN MALUS

作　　者：梁国鲁[1] 李育农[1] 李晓林[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南农业大学园艺系

出　　处：《西南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》1996年第4期299-307,共9页Journal of Southwest Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：对中国苹果属３组５系１８种２２个类型不同倍性小孢子减数分裂染色体的系统研究表明，在１４个二倍体中，隶属真苹果组的８个种：山荆子、丽江山荆子、锡金海棠、垂丝海棠、苹果、花红、西府海棠和楸子为单价体、二价体联合构型；隶属花楸苹果组陇东海棠系的３个种：陇东海棠、变叶海棠、花叶海棠为单价体、二价体和四价休构型；隶属花楸苹果组滇池海棠系的２个种：河南海棠和沧江海棠与隶属海棠组的尖嘴林檎仅呈现二价体构型。６个三倍体类型除湖北海棠为典型的异源三倍体外，丽江山荆子、海棠花、三叶海棠、变叶海棠和花叶海棠均为节段异源三倍体。２个四倍体类型：变叶海棠和小金海棠为同源四倍体。此外还讨论了种类及组系间亲缘关系，染色体基致ｘ＝１７的起源，物种生物学特性以及无融合生殖类型的分类学处理。The chromosome behaviors of 22 species with different ploidy,which belong to5 Series and 3 Sections in Malus,were observed.Based on the data of chromosome pairingin the 14 diploid species,8 species of Section Eumalus,i.e.M, baccata,M. rockii,M.sikkimensis,M,halliana,M,domestica,M.asiutica,M. micromalus and M,prunifoliashowed univalent and bivalent configurations;3 species of Series Kansuensis,Section Sor-bomalus,i.e.M.kansuensis,M,toringoides and M.transitoria exhibited univalent,bivalentand tetravalent configurations;whereas M,ombrophila and M.honanensis of Series Yunna-nensis,Section Sorbomalus and M. melliana of Section Docyniopsis showed bivalent configu-rations only.of the 6 triploid species studied,only M, hupehensis proved to be a typicaltriploid and the other five,M.rockii,M. speclabilis,M.sieboldii,M,toringoides and M.transitoria revealed an intergenomal homology,indicating their segmental allotriploid na-ture. Two tetraploid species,M.toringoides and M. xiaojietisis appeared to be autote-traploids.The relationship among the species, Series and Sections,the origin for theirchromosomal basic number(x=17) and the taxoi1omical treatment of apomictic species inthe genus are discussed.

关 键 词：小孢子发生 减数分裂 苹果属 染色体 

分 类 号：S661.103.2[农业科学—果树学]