水力侵蚀调控物理模拟试验相似律的初步确定  

Preliminary study on similitude law in simulative experiment for controlling hydraulic erosion

作　　者：高建恩[1] 杨世伟[1] 吴普特[1] 王广周[1] 舒若杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北农林科技大学国家节水灌溉杨凌工程技术研究中心,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2006年第1期27-31,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划重大专项项目(2002AA2Z4051);科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(02EFN217101279);西部开发科技行动项目(2002BA901A26);中科院水保所知识创新领域前沿项目(C23013700)

摘　　要：针对目前水力侵蚀调控模拟试验相似律研究中存在的问题,利用流体动力学及相似论的基本原理,探讨了黄土高原小流域水力侵蚀特点,确定了水力侵蚀模拟相似遵循的基本相似准则和比尺关系。分析及验证结果表明,黄土高原小流域沟道暴雨侵蚀水力输沙运动多数情况仍可视为紊流运动,遵循紊动水流输沙方程;侵蚀模拟试验不但需要满足几何相似、同时必须满足运动相似和动力相似;小流域水力侵蚀模拟应满足的基本比尺关系为几何相似、降雨相似、水流运动相似,侵蚀产沙运动相似、床面变形相似及土壤水运动相似等。In order to solve the problems on similitude law existing in simulative experiment for controlling hydraulic erosion in small watershed of Loess Plateau in China, the authors analyze the characteristics of hydraulic erosion in small watershed of Loess Plateau, give the basic similitude criteria and scale expressions for physically simulative experiment according to principles of hydromechanics and similarity theory. The results indicated that the basic water movement is turbulent flow and follows sediment-transporting equations of turbulent flow. The simulative experiment should obey not only geometric similarity, but also kinematical and dynamic similarity. The basic similarity scale expressions are the ones of the geometric, rainfall, flow, erosion sediment transport, bed deformation and soil water movement similarity etc.

关 键 词：相似律 水力侵蚀 相似比尺 模拟试验 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]