调亏灌溉对温室梨枣树水分利用效率与枣品质的影响  

Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on water use efficiency and fruit quality of pear-jujube tree in greenhouse

作　　者：马福生[1] 康绍忠[1] 王密侠[1] 庞秀明[1] 王金凤[1] 李志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2006年第1期37-43,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(50339030;50279043);国家高新技术计划(863)节水农业重大专项课题(2004AA2Z4070)

摘　　要：以日光温室生长条件下的6年生矮化密植成龄梨枣树为试材,试验设置试验期间充分供水处理,即对照(T 1),开花—座果期轻度调亏处理(T 2),果实膨大期中度调亏处理(T 3)和果实成熟期重度调亏处理(T 4),研究调亏灌溉对梨枣树水分利用效率与枣品质的影响。结果表明:温室内外的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量(ET0)变化趋势相同,温室内的ET0值高于外部,二者呈极显著的线性关系,R2值达到0.9501;不同调亏处理均降低了相应调亏时期的土壤水分消耗速率,同时也降低了梨枣树的叶片蒸腾速率和光合速率,开花—座果期和果实成熟期调亏处理提高了叶片水分利用效率,而果实膨大期调亏处理降低了梨枣树的叶片水分利用效率;各调亏处理并未对枣品质的所有指标起到提高和改善作用,成熟期未灌水处理在对平均单果重、枣V c含量和可溶性蛋白含量产生负面影响很小的情况下,提高了枣的有机酸含量和可溶性固形物含量,总体上改善了枣的品质;综合考虑不同调亏处理对梨枣树各项指标的影响,果实成熟期重度调亏处理在减产不显著条件下,改善了枣的品质,明显提高了水分利用效率,是实施调亏灌溉的最佳阶段。The effects of deficit irrigation on water use efficiency and fruit quality of six years old pear-jujube tree were studied. Treatments included pear-jujube trees growing in sufficient water supply during the whole growing period （T1）, low water deficit during the flowering-fruit bearing stage （T2）, moderate water deficit during the fruit spreading growth stage （T3） and serious water deficit during the fruit maturing stage （T4）. Experimental results indicate that the trend of the potential evaportranspiration （ET0） in greenhouse is the same with that out of greenhouse, the inside ETo is larger than that of Outside, and the relationship between inside ETo and outside ETo is very remarkably linear, R^2 is 0. 9501. The soil moisture consumption rates were reduced for all treatments during water deficit stages, the leaf photosynthesis and the transpiration rate were decreased simultaneously. The leaf WUE was advanced for the light water deficit during flowering-bearing fruit and the serious water deficit during fruit maturing, but it was reduced for the middle water deficit during fruit speedy growth. The treatment of non-irrigation during fruit maturing had a little infulunce on average fruit weight, Vitamin C content and soluble albumen, but enhanced the organic acid content and soluble solid matter, advances the fruit quality. Therfore the yield was infulunced hardly for serious water deficit during fruit maturing, the leaf WUE was enhanced during the water deficit stage and the fruit quality was improved.

关 键 词：调亏灌溉 梨枣树 品质 耗水量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]