推动中美贸易问题的非政治化——美国工商利益集团就给予中国永久性正常贸易关系地位的游说  

The Depoliticization of Sino-U.S. Trade Issues: American Industrial and Commercial Interest Groups and PNTR

作　　者：李晓岗[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《美国研究》2005年第4期76-99,共24页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：1999和2000年,围绕是否批准给予中国“永久性正常贸易关系地位”,美国国会尤其是众议院存在明显分歧。劳工组织等团体试图通过将贸易问题政治化,阻止国会批准给予中国“永久性正常贸易关系地位”。工商利益集团则从维护在华商业利益出发,大力推动贸易问题的非政治化,最终促使国会批准了给予中国“永久性正常贸易关系地位”。工商利益集团的游说,实际上是一次美国全国范围的中美关系教育运动,对促进美国公众和国会议员对两国贸易关系乃至整个双边关系重要性的认识,密切中美经济往来,推动贸易问题非政治化,产生了重要而深远影响。它反映出,工商利益集团已成为美国国内政治中维护和推动中美关系健康发展的积极力量。Serious conflict existed in American Congress, especially in the House of Representatives in 1999 and 2000 in relation to the issue of China's PNTR status. Groups like labor unions tried to politicize the trade issue and prevent the Congress from giving China PNTR status, while industrial and commercial interest groups, in order to safeguard their business interests in China, exerted great efforts to promote the depoliticization of the trade issue. Their efforts finally overcame the opposition of labor unions and other groups and, as a result, the Congress approved giving China PNTR status. The lobbying of industrial and commercial interest groups was in essence a national educational campaign about U.S.-China relations. It made an important and long-term impact on the promotion of understanding of the importance of bilateral trade relations as well as bilateral relations in general. It also brought about closer economic contact between the two countries and pushed forward the depoliticization of trade issues.

关 键 词：美国经济 中美关系 贸易 利益集团游说 永久性正常贸易关系 

分 类 号：F752.7[经济管理—国际贸易]