北京市冬季部分住宅室内PM_(10)中化学元素研究  

Study on Chemical Composition of Indoor PM10 in Some Residential Houses in Beijing

作　　者：赵厚银[1] 邵龙义[2] 姚强[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学热能动力工程与热科学重点实验室,北京100084 [2]中国矿业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2006年第1期14-17,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2002CB211600);教育部科学技术研究重点项目(104028)

摘　　要：目的研究北京市部分住宅室内空气中PM10的化学元素成分,并探讨各元素的来源。方法2002年12月—2003年3月应用撞击式采样器在北京市4户吸烟和非吸烟室内采集PM10样品,使用质子诱导X射线荧光法(PIXE)和富集因子法分析Al、Si、P、S、Cl等19种元素的平均质量浓度及富集特征。结果吸烟室内空气中PM10的19种元素的总浓度明显高于非吸烟室内,特别是K、S的浓度是非吸烟室内的2～4倍。室内空气中PM10的元素质量浓度主要由Al、Si、S、K、Ca、Fe等6种元素贡献,其中,吸烟室内K和S占分析元素总量的71.50%,而在非吸烟室内Al、Si和Ca占57.06%。结论Al、Si、Ca、Ti、Fe等来自自然源,而S、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cu、As、Cl、P等来自人为源,如吸烟、燃煤、燃油等。Objective To study the chemical composition and the sources of indoor PM10 in some residential houses in Beijing. Methods PM10 samples were collected using cascade impactors in smoker＇ s and non-smoker＇s homes in winter. The mass concentrations and enrichment characteristics of nineteen elements, such as AI, Si, and S in airborne particles were analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission （PIXE） and enrichment factor. Results The concentrations of 19 elements were higher in smoker＇s homes than those in non-smoker＇s homes in winter, especially K and S concentrations were 2-4 times of those in non- smoker＇s homes. A1, Si, S, K, Ca and Fe made greater contribution to concentrations of elements in PM10, of which K and S accounted for 72% of total elements in smoker＇s homes while AI, Si and Ca amounted to 57% of total elements in non-smoker＇s homes. Conclusion AI, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe come from natural sources while S, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, As, CI and P originated from anthropogenic sources such as smoking, coal combustion and oil combustion.

关 键 词：空气污染 室内 颗粒物 X射线荧光 富集因子 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学]