关于石油深部起源的若干问题  

A Review of Deep Origin of Crude Oil

作　　者：张之一[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学地球科学与国土资源学院,西安710054

出　　处：《新疆石油地质》2006年第1期112-117,共6页Xinjiang Petroleum Geology

摘　　要：石油的微量元素及Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成特征表明,石油是深部幔源产物。石油与金属及金刚石矿床共生,包裹体及金伯利岩中所含碳氢化合物和沥青也表明,石油参与了热液活动。石油及天然气储存在含油气盆地之中是与盆地基底地壳的特性有关,它的隔热性保证了地幔隆起上部软流层中挥发组分的保存和充分的地球化学作用。盆地基底地壳又属于比较稳定的坚硬地块,在全球走滑作用中发生地块转动,除引起地幔隆升外在压扭和张扭应力作用下形成各种类型的深断裂及圈闭。于晚期构造运动期间深断裂的活动成为石油、天然气运移的通道,在盖层及基底内部只要有圈闭存在即可形成油气藏。石油的深部超源论有着严格的实验基础。石油的热动力平衡计算也证明石油形成于地幔软流层部位。石油化合物组成形成的深度不同,合理地解释了油、气分区的现象。Microelements of crude oil and isotope compositions （Pb, Sr and Nd） show petroleum is a product from deep mantle source. The facts that there is coexisting relationship among petroleum, metal and diamond deposits, and hydrocarbon and bitumen occur in the inclusion and kimberlite indicate that petroleum even took part in the hydrothermalism. That crude oil and natural gas lie in petrolifcrous basins is related to the basinal basement crust＇s insulation which allows the preservation of volatile compositions in asthcnosphcrc of upper mantle bulge and the full geochemical actions. The basinal basement crust is the more stable hard block, its rotation occurred under the global strike-slip process may lead to forming variety of deep faults and traps under the compresso-shear and tenso-shear stresses besides uplifting of mantle. The deep faulting in late periods of tectonic movements becomes the ehannels for oil-gas migration, when the oil-gas reservoirs will be formed as long as there is any trap. The theory of deep source origin is based on strict experiments. The petroleum thermodynamie equilibrium calculation demonstrates that oils can be originated in mantle＇s asthenosphere. The difterent depths of hydrocarbon composition occurrences provide rational explanations for zonations of oil and gas.

关 键 词：石油成园 深部起源 微量元素 金伯利岩 全球走滑作用 地块转动 地幔隆起 地幔柱 

分 类 号：TE112.111[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]