特别重大瓦斯爆炸的产生原因  

The cause of especially serious gas explosion

作　　者：经建生[1] 王宝兴[1] 郑巍[1] 李晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2006年第1期15-20,共6页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：在13m实验巷道中做的风筒送风与烟(模拟瓦斯气)的混合、稀释、扩散实验发现,当风筒出口距端面小于8m时,在实验巷道封闭端面0～3m区域,产生烟-煤尘-空气的强涡流区;煤田褶曲、断层等地质构造会造成短时间有大的瓦斯涌出量,形成可爆的瓦斯-煤尘-空气混合气强涡流区。将风筒出口从7m增长到17m,则涡流消失,烟垂直上升到巷道顶部,暂时集留在巷道顶部,逐渐慢速从巷道内排出。在7m3爆炸装置做的天然气强烈爆炸实验,以及30m3爆炸装置做的铝尘、亚麻尘爆炸泄压实验证明,在出现涡流条件下,增大燃速,会产生强烈爆炸。在72m长管用可燃气引燃粉尘的爆轰试验中,在粉尘出现涡流情况下,引起爆轰,并将爆轰波推前15m。据此推断风筒出口距掘进工作面端头太近(7m之内),产生可爆的瓦斯-煤尘-混合气涡流,遇火源产生强烈爆炸,继而诱发煤尘爆炸,造成大批井下人员因缺氧窒息死亡,是特别重大瓦斯爆炸的产生原因。Mixture, dilution and diffusion of wind send by fandrum and smoke （ stimulating gas ） experiments were conducted in 13 m length experimental lane. A strong eddy current consisting of smoke-dust-air was found in the 0-3 m area of the lane close end when the distance between the fandrum exit and the lane close end is less 8 m. The geological structure such as coal field fold, fault may leads to great pouring of gases, and forms the eddy current area consisting of gas-coal dust-air mixture. If the outlet is increased from 7 m to 17 m, the eddy current disappeared, the smoke raised vertically to top of the lane, accumulated on the top of the lane temporarily and gradually discharged slowly from the lane. The prime natural gas strong explosion experiment conducted in the 7 ms and aluminum dust flax dust explosion pressure relief experiment indicate that strong explosion happened if the combustion velocity increased under eddy current. In the 72 m length tube detonation experiment of dust ignition using inflammable gas, detonation happened under eddy current and pushed the wave of detonation towards 15 m. It is concluded that if the distance between fan drum exit and digging surface is so close （7 m） that detonative gas-coal mixture eddy current appeared and strong explosion happened when the ignition is present. Then coal dust exploded and lead to a great number of people on the lane is dead because of short of oxygen. This is the cause of especially serious gas explosion.

关 键 词：瓦斯 爆炸 风筒送风 涡流 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全] X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学]