新疆雪莲资源的利用、研发与保护  

Exploitation Research Utilization and Protection of Medical Plant Resources——Snow Lotuses(Saussurea)

作　　者：庄丽[1] 李卫红[1] 孟丽红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中科院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2006年第2期195-202,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金(90102007);中国科学院知识创新项目(kzcxl-08-03)资助

摘　　要：雪莲(Saussurea)是位于中国西部高山地区的珍稀名贵药材之一,由于疗效显著,在少数民族地区习用已久。近年来,随着在基础研究和应用开发方面的不断深入,雪莲成为一种具有广泛医疗和保健作用的新型中药品种。本文首先概述了雪莲这一珍稀物种的分类和分布情况,并从其三大营养器官———根、茎、叶和生殖器官———花、种子各自的生殖和生理特征分别阐述了雪莲对其特殊生存环境的适应机理;对近二十年来从事这方面研究的工作者分离鉴定出的雪莲有效化学成分进行了整理,以期为今后的研究工作提供一些便利和参考;雪莲诸多药理作用的总结和目前所开发的滋补品、医药制品等雪莲制品在日常生活和临床应用中的作用进一步证实了它的药用价值;身为一名从事药用植物资源研究的工作者,面对雪莲自然资源日益匮乏的局面,笔者提出了六项管理措施仅供参考;在总结前人和自己所做工作的基础上,将雪莲有待于开发或具有进一步开发潜能的八个方面罗列出来,希望和广大工作者一起努力,为我国药用植物资源的开发和利用贡献一份力量。Saussurea is one of the valuable medicinal materials grown at plateau, it has been habitually used for a long time in minority nationality areas because of its remarkable curative effects. In recent years, with the deep foundation and exploitation research, Saussurea has become a new type of traditional Chinese medicine breeded for wide use of medical treatment and health protection. Firstly, this paper outlines the species and habitats distribution of Saussurea ; elaborates the principle of being adapted to its special subsistence environment according to the reproductive and physiological characteristics of nutrition organs- root.stem,leaf and reproduction organs flower,seed; sorts out the efficacious chemical compositions which have been separated and appraised by researchers who are engaged in this field in resent twenty years, in order to provide convenience and reference for following work; the summary of many pharmacological effect and the function of Saussurea products, such as nourishment and medical products, in daily life and clinical use further prove its medical value; As a researcher working on medical plant resources, we put forward six administrative measures＇ for reference only facing the situation that Saussurea natural resources are becoming less and less; on the basis of reading up the literature and summing up the experience, we enumerate eight aspects of Saussurea which will be exploited or developed deeply, hope to work hard with the mass of researchers and contribute to the development and utilization of the plant resources in our country.

关 键 词：雪莲 种类及生境分布 化学成分 药理作用 管理与开发 

分 类 号：Q945.1[生物学—植物学]