秸秆纤维、聚丙烯酰胺及高吸水树脂在岩石边坡植被护坡中的效应  

EFFECT OF STRAW FIBER,POLYACRYLAMIDE AND SUPER ABSORBENT POLYMER ECO-ENGINEERING ON ROCK SLOPE PROTECTION

作　　者：李绍才[1] 孙海龙[1] 杨志荣[1] 何磊[2] 崔保山[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院 [2]四川大学建筑与环境学院,四川成都610064 [3]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2006年第2期257-267,共11页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2003CB415104);国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2003BA901A30)

摘　　要：基质混合物是岩石边坡植被护坡工程植被稳定生长的物质基础,在有限的物质条件下,其功能实现决定于功能材料的效应发挥。秸秆纤维、聚丙烯酰胺及高吸水树脂是基质混合物中主要的功能材料,通过试验定量研究了秸秆纤维、聚丙烯酰胺及高吸水树脂在基质混合物中的功能效应。研究结果表示:秸秆纤维通过提高基质混合物的抗剪强度、延缓收缩产生裂缝的时间、减小裂缝宽度及降低侵蚀产沙等作用使基质混合物的整体稳定性得以良好的保持,但用量过高却有不利影响;聚丙烯酰胺可提高基质混合物降雨入渗量,使坡面产流时间延迟,降低坡面径流量,并可提高基质混合物水稳性团聚体的含量,使基质混合物的抗侵蚀能力增强,聚丙烯酰胺还可增加基质混合物孔隙度,使基质混合物变得疏松,维持良好的渗透性和透气性,利于植被生长,但其效应不随用量的增加而无限制的提高,并具有明显的时间尺度效应,其功能随时间推移而丧失;适量的高吸水树脂具有提高基质混合物水分容量、增加有效水含量及抑制蒸发的作用,可延缓水分达到萎蔫点的时间,使基质混合物的抗旱能力得到提高,但高吸水树脂的吸释水过程不能被无限制的反复利用,过高的用量影响基质混合物的透气状况,使植被的生长发育受阻;试验条件下,植物秸秆纤维、聚丙烯酰胺及高吸水树脂在基质混合物中的适宜用量分别在4 kg/m2,10及80 g/m2左右。Substrate, which is the most important material in eco-engineering for rock slope protection（EERSP）, is the substance basis for stable growth of vegetation. The function of substrate relies on the effects of functional materials under condition of limited substance. The primary functional materials, including straw fiber, polyacrylamide（PAM） and super absorbent polymer（SAP）, are investigated quantitatively with functional effects. The results show： straw fiber can keep the stability of substrate by improving the shear strength of substrate, delaying the time of cracking, reducing crack width, and decreasing sediment loss from erosion. However, it is disadvantageous to add too much straw fiber. PAM can improve the precipitation infiltration of substrate, delay runoff time, decrease runoff volume on slope, and increase water stable aggregate content, therefore, improve the anti-erosion capacity of substrate. In addition, the porosity of substrate will be enhanced simultaneously to make the structure of substrate loose and maintain favorable infiltration and air penetrability for promoting vegetation growth. Nevertheless, the effect of PAM, which has significant temporal scale influence and decreases with time, is constrained to certain amount. Appropriate SAP can improve water sucking capacity of substrate, enhance available water content, restrain evaporation, delay wilted point time, and raise anti-drought capacity remarkably. But the course of suck-release can not be reused without limit. The vegetation growth is retarded when excessive SAP is applied to substrate. Under experimental condition, the favorable amount of sucking straw fiber, PAM and SAP is about 4 kg/m^2, 10 g/m^2 and 80 g/m^2, respectively.

关 键 词：边坡工程 植被护坡 基质混合物 秸秆纤维 聚丙烯酰胺 高吸水树脂 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]