杂交水稻干物质生产与产量形成的优势效应  

The Heterotic Effects on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield Formation in Hybrid Rice

作　　者：林文雄[1,2] 梁义元[1,2] 王廷彩 

机构地区：[1]福建农业大学农学系 [2]福建平潭县农业局

出　　处：《福建农业大学学报》1996年第3期260-265,共6页Journal of Fujian Agricultural University

摘　　要：汕优６３和特优６３产量表现具有显著的超亲优势（３５．２％－４８．０％）．杂种产量优势主要是由于具有较高单株有效穗（其对产量直接作用达最大Ｐ１ｙ＝１．０１８９），从而导致较高的库容量．这是当前我国推广的杂交稻组合的重要特性．究其原因主要是杂交水稻具有较快的叶面积扩展速度，较高的单叶净光合速率和较好的物质分配率，从而表现出较高的干物质生产和产量形成优势．本研究还表明杂交水稻的群体物质生产率（ＣＧＲ）和相对生长率（ＲＧＲ）表现不同程度的超亲优势．而且前者比后者表现更显著，并有随着营养生长期向生殖生长期推进而增强的趋势（４９．１２％－１６０．５２％）．Two hybrid cultivars, Shanyou 63 and Teyou 63, clearly showed significant grain yield heterobeltiosis (35.2%-48.0%). Yield advantage of the hybrids studied was primarily due to the higer number of productive tillers per plant, which showed the largest direct effect on grain yield(P 1y =1.0189), resulting in increased sink capability, which has been considered one of the important properties of hybrids currently cultivated in China.The higher productive tillers per plant with desirable grains per panicle was responsible for heterosis in dry matter production, attributed to faster leaf area development, higher net photosynthetic rate in single leaves, particularly in late growth stage, and good partition of photosynthate to the organs of plant depending on different developmental stages. The results of the present studied also indicates that hybrid cultivars perform slight heterosis in relative growth rate (RGR) but significant heterosis in crop growth rate (CGR), showing 49.12%-160.52% in heterobeltiosis at the vagetative stage and the reproductive phase respectively, which may be attributed to good plant type and high physiological efficiency derived from its improved parental genotype.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 干物质生产 净光合生产率 相对生长率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]