麦棉套种冬小麦冠层环境和生长与产量的补偿效应分析  

Analysis of Wheat Canopy Environment and the Compensation Effect on Growth and Yield while Relay Intercropping with Cotton

作　　者：陈金平[1] 周新国[1] 刘祖贵[1] 刘安能[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2006年第1期93-98,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50379054);国家"863"重大专项(2002AA2Z4071);"十五"国家科技攻关项目(2001BA508B02)

摘　　要：在两种不同麦棉套种模式下研究了冬小麦冠层环境条件的变化,以及冬小麦叶面积和干物质累积动态,分析了不同麦棉套种模式的冬小麦产量及其构成,并对麦棉套种冬小麦的生长和产量的补偿效应做了进一步的探讨。试验结果表明,(1)麦棉套种小麦冠层透光率高于麦棉轮作;3∶1式麦棉套种冬小麦预留行间透光率低于4∶2式,但小麦行间透光率明显高于4∶2式。不同栽培模式小麦冠层麦行间温度和湿度没有明显差异,但冠层温度低于预留行,湿度则高于预留行;4∶2式预留行温度稍高于3∶1式,湿度则低于3∶1式。(2)麦棉轮作冬小麦叶面积系数大于麦棉套种模式,两种套种模式间差异不明显;单株叶面积最大差异出现在4月22日前后,此时3∶1式和4∶2式麦棉套种小麦单株叶面积分别为麦棉轮作的1.17倍和1.41倍。干物质积累量麦棉轮作高于麦棉套种,单株干物质量则麦棉套种表现出明显的优势,两种麦棉套种模式小麦单株干物质积累量均比麦棉轮作增加40%左右。(3)麦棉套种冬小麦在生长和产量上其边行均表现出明显的补偿效应,综合不同栽培模式的冬小麦产量构成及其差异分析,3∶1和4∶2式麦棉套种冬小麦分别比麦棉轮作减产17.8%和20.1%,两种套种模式冬小麦对产量的补偿率分别为37%和40.1%。Winter wheat canopy environment changes in two different patterns of relay intercropping of wheat and cotton （RIWC） were studied, as well as the developments of leaf area and dry matter accumulation. The analysis of wheat yield and yield components in two patterns was conducted, and discussion on the compensation effects to growth and yield were made. The results showed that： （1） the light transmittance （LT） of wheat canopy of RIWC was higher than that of wheat followed cotton （WFC）. The LT of remained fallow rows （RFR） of 3 ： 1 pattern （three rows of wheat and one row of cotton） was lower than that of 4 ： 2 pattern （four rows of wheat and two rows of cotton）, but in the spaces of wheat rows, the LT of 3 ： 1 was clearly higher than that of 4 ： 2. No obvious differences of canopy temperature and hutmidity were observed between two cultivation patterns, but the temperature of RIWC was lower than that of RFR and the humidity was higher than that of RFR. For RFR, the temperature of 4 ： 2 was a bit higher than that of 3 ： 1, but the humidity was lower than that of 3 ： 1. （2） the winter wheat leaf area coefficient of WFC was bigger than that of RIWC, and there was no obvious differences between two RIWC patterns. The biggest difference of per plant leaves area was appeared in 22, April, while the per plant leaves area of 3 ： 1 and 4 ： 2 was 1.17 and 1.41 times of that of WFC, respectively. For dry matter accumulation, WFC was higher than RIWC, but for dry matter accumulation per plant, RIWC showed obvious superiority. Both patterns of RIWC the dry matter accumulation per plant all increased about 40% than that of WFC. （3） the marginal wheat of both patterns of RIWC all appeared obvious compensation effect on growth and yield. With the analysis of winter wheat yield structure component and its differences of different cultivation patterns, the yield of wheat of 3 ： 1 and 4 ： 2 reduced by 17.8% and 20. 1% contrast to WFC, respectively, and the compensation rate

关 键 词：冬小麦 麦棉套种 冠层环境 补偿效应 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318