环境铅污染对幼儿体格发育的影响  

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Infant Physique Development

作　　者：朱中平[1] 沈彤 杨永坚 俞翠莲[3] 刘俊玲 朱启星 

机构地区：[1]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽合肥230061 [2]安医大公共卫生学院,安徽合肥230032 [3]池州市疾病预防控制中心,安徽池州247100 [4]池州市贵池区妇幼保健所,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《安徽预防医学杂志》2006年第1期10-14,共5页Anhui Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：安徽省高校省学术带头人科研基金(2002HBL10);安徽省卫生厅科研项目(2002B090)

摘　　要：目的研究出生前后不同时期婴幼儿铅暴露水平及其父母基线血铅水平、母亲孕中血铅水平等对其幼儿体格发育的影响及其关联程度，为控制铅危害提供依据。方法采用前瞻性队列研究的方法，从1996年开始在环境铅污染较严重的安徽省池州市某区进行了为期6年的流行病学调查。研究组对1996年12月～1998年12月间参加婚检并准备怀孕的新婚夫妇进行追踪观察至分娩。其间对观察对象进行基线调查，孕前观察，孕期随访，分娩情况记录，并定期观察随访其子代发育情况。共采集210对夫妇基线血样，93份孕中血样，98份脐带血样。采用PE-AA800原子吸收光谱仪进行血铅水平检测。2001年11月，研究组再次系统地对队列内夫妇的子代进行体格检查和儿童问卷调查，并在婴幼儿体检时采集到指血165份进行血铅水平检测。结果母亲基线血铅、父亲基线血铅、婴幼儿血铅、脐带血铅和孕中血铅几何均值（G±s）依次为62．71±2．18μg／L、72．93±2．06μg／L、130．39±1．88μg／L、54．32±2．11μg／L和50．93±1．95μg/L；血铅超过100μg／L样本所占比率分别为32．38％、38．09％、43．03％、10．20％和9．68％。脐带血铅与幼儿身长Z标准分间相关有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多因素逐步回归分析显示幼儿血铅水平与幼儿身高增长率呈负相关（β=-0．03843，P〈0．05）。结论出生前后不同时期铅暴露水平对婴幼儿的体格发育有一定的不良影响。Objective To study the effect of environmental lead pollution（Father BBLL and mother BBLL, MPBLL, UCBLL,Infant BLL） on different phases of infant physigue development. Methods We have done a six - year epidemiologic cohort study started from 1996 in a place of severe environmental lead pollution, A district of Chizhou city. Prospective cohort study was followed - up among 210 newlyweds with the intention to pregnancy and living around a lead and zinc smelt factory from Dec. 1996 to Dec. 1998 until delivery, then their offspring. At Nov, 2001, Our study group investigated 165 infant（2 - 3 years old） with our questionnaire and tested their physique development. Meanwhile, we assayed the levels of lead in 210 couples baseline blood （ Father BBLL and mother BBLL）, 93 case mid - pregnancy blood（ MPBLL）, 98 case umbilical cord blood and 165 case blood of infants （ Infant BLL ）, with the instrument of PE - AA800 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results Geometric mean of Mother BBLL and Father BBLL , infants BLL, UCBLL and MPBLL were 62.71±2.18μg/L,72.93±2.06μg/L, 130.39 ± 1. 881μg/L,54.32 ± 2. 11μg/L 和50.93 ± 1. 95μg/L respectively, and the proportion of BLL above 100μg/1 was 32.38% ,38.09% ,43.03%, 10.20%, 9.68% respectively. The GLM - Multivariate analysis suggested the score of infant stature was positively correlated significantly with UCBLL（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that there was negative association between infant BLL and infant growth rate in stature （ β = - 0.03843, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion There were adverse effects of lead exposure on infant physique development.

关 键 词：环境铅污染 队列研究 幼儿体格发育 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] O614.433[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]