土壤环境中砷元素的生态效应  

ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ARSENIC IN SOIL ENVIRONMENT

作　　者：胡省英[1] 冉伟彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市地质勘察技术院,北京102218

出　　处：《物探与化探》2006年第1期83-86,91,共5页Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration

摘　　要：论述了各环境介质中砷元素的分布特点,指出土壤第Ⅱ环境中的砷主要来源于人为活动。砷主要富集于土壤表层,且主要以稳定矿物形式存在;但当土壤砷总量高时其可溶性砷量亦相应高,砷在土壤中易形成Fe、Al、Ca型砷化物而被固定;当土壤pH值增高至中性或碱性时,砷易转化为迁移能力更强、毒性更大的三价砷。砷对作物、人体生态系统危害作用明显,砷通过蔬菜对人体的危害甚于谷物,应采取有效措施防治土壤中砷污染。Arsenic distribution characteristics in environmental media have been discussed in this paper. Arsenic distribution in the second soil environment is mainly attributed to man＇a activities, such as coal burning, mineral smelting and agricultural sewage dumping. Arsenic mainly exists in soil surface as stable minerals. Soluble arsenic is correspondingly high wherever the total arsenic content is high. Arsenic is likely to be fixed by iron, aluminum and calcium to form arsenides. When pH in soil rises to neutral or alkali, arsenic is easily transformed into tervalent arsenic which has stronger migration capability and toxicity. Arsenic is obviously harmful to crops and human beings. Arsenic in vegetables is more harmful than in corns. More effective measures should be taken to prevent and tackle arsenic pollution in soil.

关 键 词：土壤环境 砷污染 地球化学特性 生态效应 

分 类 号：P632[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]