某厂磨料磨具作业铝尘肺流行病学调查  

Epidemiological study on aluminosis in an abrasives processing plant

作　　者：彭娟娟[1] 陈良[1] 周泽深[2] 陈达民[1] 蔡金宝[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336 [2]上海市职业病医院,200433 [3]上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心,201700

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2006年第1期24-26,共3页China Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：目的研究磨料磨具作业铝尘对职业接触工人的健康危害和铝尘肺的特征。方法对某磨料磨具厂1972～1989年间从事黑刚玉加工工人进行职业流行病学调查。结果该厂接尘1年以上受检工人共184人，共诊断铝尘肺75例，惠病率达40，76％。75例铝尘肺中，男性19例（25．33％），女性56例（74．67％）；铝尘肺Ⅰ期28例（37．33％），Ⅱ期27例（36．00％），Ⅲ期20倒（26．67％）；发病工龄3-17年，平均（10．33±4．10）年；X射线胸片表现以弥漫性不规则小阴影（29／75）和以不规则影为主的两者混合小阴影（20／75）较多；少部分表现为圆形小阴影（11／75），或以圆形小阴影为主的两者混合表现（15／75）；可融合成大阴影，纵隔和肺门淋巴结增大、钙化较为普遍；预后欠佳，已死亡9例。结论高浓度铝尘严重危害工人健康，可致肺组织纤维化甚至重症尘肺，其危害不容忽视。Objective To investigate the hazards of aluminum dusts to the exposed workers and the epidemiologieal features of the occurrence of aluminosis. Methods Occupational epidemiological investigation was carried out on aluminum dusts exposed workers who worked in an abrasives processing plant from 1972 to 1989. Results In 184 exposed workers, 75 cases （40.76%） were diagnosed as aluminum, among whom were 19 males and 56 females. Of these 75 cases, 28 （37.33%） were classified as aluminosis stage Ⅰ , 27 （36.00%） were stage Ⅱ and 20 （26.67%） were stage Ⅲ. The shortest exposure duration was 3 years, and the longest was 17 years, and the average was （ 10.33±4. 10） years. Chest radiographic examination showed mainly diffuse irregular micro-shadows （29/75） or mixed with irregular micro-shadows （20/75）. Mediastinal and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes enlarged and calcified. 9 of the 75 cases were dead. Conclusion Exposure to high concentration aluminum dust can severely induce aluminosis. The hazards of aluminum dusts can not be ignored.

关 键 词：磨料磨具 氧化铝尘 铝尘肺 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]