城市生活垃圾堆肥的成分变化及腐熟度评价  

Evaluation of Component Changes and Maturity During Composting Municipal Garbage

作　　者：牛俊玲[1] 崔宗均[2] 李国学[2] 王伟东[2] 吴永官[2] 李玉春 

机构地区：[1]郑州航空工业管理学院,郑州450015 [2]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094 [3]北京市垃圾渣土管理处,北京100067

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第1期249-253,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家十五攻关项目"高效有机肥与缓释肥产业化技术研究与开发"(2002BA516A03);国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2002AA245031)

摘　　要：以北京城市生活垃圾为原料进行高温堆肥发酵,研究了堆肥化过程中各营养物质的变化情况及堆肥腐熟程度。结果表明,北京城市垃圾的含水量在适宜的堆肥含水量范围内,氮素的损失和全碳量的减少均主要发生在发酵前15d,因此堆肥发酵15d以前是控制养分损失的关键时期。在堆肥过程中,速效钾含量大幅度增加,从堆制当天的3947mg·kg-1,增加到结束时的5728mg·kg-1;有效磷的含量也表现出相同的趋势,从堆制开始的85mg·kg-1,增加到结束时的305mg·kg-1。用不同发酵时期的堆肥样品进行的发芽率试验表明,各个时期对发芽的抑制作用差异不大,说明生活垃圾在发酵过程中产生植物生长抑制物质比较少。C/N比、种子发芽试验和圆形滤纸层析3种方法的试验结果都说明城市生活垃圾经40d堆制,基本达到了腐熟堆肥的要求。A composting system using municipal garbage from Beijing was conducted to probe transforming characteristics during composting process. The results showed that water content in the municipal garbage was appropriate to be composted. Both total nitrogen and total carbon contents decreased mostly in the first 15 days of composting, indicating this period was key time to control nutrient losses. During the composting process, the content of available potassium increased sharply, from 3 947mg·kg^-1 to 5 728 mg·kg^-1. Organic phosphorus also increased from 85 mg·kg^-1 to 305 mg·kg^-1, but the contents of organic phosphorus was not enough for high quality fertilizer. Therefore, it was suggested to add some phosphorus in the compost product from municipal garbage. The seed germinating ratio from different periods in the course of the compost had little differences, and all of them were more than 85%, revealing that there were few inhibiting substances produced through the whole compost. The ratio of C/N decreased from 23 to 15, and, at the same time, the temperature declined to surrounding temperature. By the method of paper chromatography, the fringe of filter paper showed the irregular wave. The results of seed germinating ratio, C/N and paper chromatography all showed that the compost of municipal garbage showed in maturity after 40 days composting.

关 键 词：城市垃圾 高温堆肥 成分变化 腐熟 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]