猪场废弃物强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的试验研究  

Performance of the aerated static bin system for swine manure composting

作　　者：朱能武[1] 邓昌彦 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科技学院

出　　处：《环境污染治理技术与设备》2006年第2期38-41,共4页Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关计划(2002BA514A-1-1);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471271)

摘　　要：通过组织5个猪场废弃物堆肥试验，度量温度、表观性状、体积、重量损失、全氮、全磷、大肠杆菌值、蛔虫卵杀灭率和发芽指数等指标，检验了开发的强制通风静态仓堆肥系统的性能。结果表明，除起始含水率为80％试验堆体因起始含水率过高导致发生厌氧反应外，其余4个堆体均实现堆肥无害化、减量化、稳定化和资源化的处理目标；堆肥温度维持50℃以上5—7d，或55℃以上3d是大肠杆菌值达到国家粪便无害化卫生标准的必要条件；堆肥过程能有效脱除堆料的生物毒性，后腐熟阶段是必需阶段；氮、磷、钾等主要营养元素在堆肥前后呈现“浓缩效应”。因此，堆肥化能提高猪场废弃物肥效和利用价值。Five composting experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the aerated static bin composting system, and indexes, including temperature, apparent properties, pile volume, weight losses, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, the number of E. Coli, ground worm eggs, and germination index were measured. The results show that the composting system can destroy pathogens, convert nitrogen from unstable ammonia to stable organic forms, and reduce the volume of the waste besides one treatment because of anaerobic aeration due to its too high initial moisture content,80%. Meanwhile, it is approved that it is necessary for sanitation that the duration of composting temperature greater than 50 ℃ maintains 5 - 7 d, or greater than 55 ℃ 3 d. Furthermore, phytotoxicity of the waste can be removed effectively by composting, and curing phase is required. In addition, concentration effect is found on major nutrient elements, such as total nitrogen, phos- phorus, and potassium during the composting. Therefore, composting can enhance fertilizer effect and utility value of the piggery waste.

关 键 词：畜禽场废弃物 堆肥 通风控制 强制通风静态仓堆肥系统 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]