谷氨酰胺对肉鸡免疫器官胚后发育的影响  

Effect of Glutamine on Post Embronic Development of Immune Organ in Broilers

作　　者：李升和[1] 王珏[1] 范光丽[2] 顾有方[1] 许万祥[1] 金光明[1] 张承飞[3] 吴亮[4] 

机构地区：[1]安徽技术师范学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [3]安徽科苑集团,安徽宿州234100 [4]安徽和威农业开发股份有限公司,安徽宣城242000

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2006年第1期74-78,共5页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070093);安徽省优秀青年科技基金资助项目

摘　　要：160只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成4组,分别饲喂添加0%、0.2%、0.4%和0.8%谷氨酰胺(Gln)饲粮28d。每周末取鸡24只,每组6只,颈静脉放血致死,取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏,称重,制作切片,光镜观察,研究基础日粮中添加Gln对肉鸡免疫器官胚后发育的影响。结果显示(1)添加0.8%Gln组1、4周龄和添加0.4%Gln组2、4周龄胸腺重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加0.8%Gln组2周龄极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);添加0.4%Gln组1、2、4周龄和添加0.8%Gln组4周龄法氏囊重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),添加0.8%Gln组1、2周龄极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验各组脾脏重量均高于对照组,添加0.8%Gln组4周龄显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)试验组胸腺小叶皮质增厚,淋巴细胞密集,髓质比例减小,胸腺小体减少、减小。试验组法氏囊皱襞内淋巴滤泡增多,皮质增厚,淋巴细胞增多。试验组脾脏脾小结增多、增大;动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚;椭球增多、增大,细胞排列疏松,鞘毛细血管管腔变大,内皮细胞增高,间隙增大。添加0.8%Gln对肉鸡免疫器官发育影响最为明显。结果表明,日粮中添加Gln对肉鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的促进作用优于外周淋巴器官,并有延缓法氏囊退化作用。本试验从组织学角度证明Gln能够促进机体淋巴细胞的增殖分化及免疫器官的胚后发育,进而提高机体的免疫功能。one hundred and sixty one day old Avian broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups ,and fed the basal diet supplemented 0% ,0. 2,% ,0.4% and 0. 8,% Gln（Glutamine） for 28 days. Six chickens in each group were selected and slaughtered on the weekend till fourth week. The thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen were obtained,weighted and fixed, made into paraffin section,observed by microscope,studied the effect of dietary Gin supplementation on post embronic development of immune organs in broilers. The results：（1）Compared with the control group,there was a significant difference （P〈0. 05） among the thymus weight of experiment supplemented 0. 8,% Gin of one and four-week age,that of experiment supplemented 0. 4% Gin of two and four-week age and the weight of bursa of Fabricius of experiment supplemented 0. 4,% Gin of one,two and four-week age. While the weight of bursa of Fabricius and spleen of experiment supplemented 0.8,% Gin of fourweek age was obviously higher（P〈0.05） than that of the control group. There was a most signifcant difference（P（0. 01） between the weight of thymus of experiment supplemented 0. 8,% Gin of two-week age and that of control group,the weight of bursa of Fabricius of experiment supplemented 0. 8% Gin of one and two-week age as well. （2）The cortex of thymic lobule of experiment group incrassated and the lymphocyte became coarctate,the portion of thymic medulla decreased and thymic corpuscle decreased and dwindled. The lymph follicule in plica of bursa of Fabricius of experiment group added. The cortex of bursa of Fabricius incrassated with the lymphocyte in bursa of Fabricius increased. The splenic nodule and ellipsoid of the experiment group became increased and augmented,and the cell of ellipsoid became looser ;the periarterial lymphatic sheath became incrassated;the endothelium of sheathed capillary became higher. The interspace augmented and the tubular lumina of sheathed capillary enlarged. The most obvious effect was showed on the experiment

关 键 词：谷氨酰胺 肉鸡 免疫器官 胚后发育 组织结构 

分 类 号：S852[农业科学—基础兽医学]