小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL新易位系的创制和分子细胞遗传学鉴定  

Creation of Novel Wheatrye 1BS/1RS Translocation Lines and Characterization by Molecular Cytogenetics

作　　者：王静[1] 王献平[2] 纪军[1] 王志国[1] 安调过[1] 李俊明[1] 张相岐[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,河北石家庄050021 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《作物学报》2006年第1期30-33,i0001,共5页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30471079);中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KSCX2-SW-304-2)资助

摘　　要：利用普通小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)品种小偃6号与黑麦(Secale cerealeL.)品种德国白粒杂交,选育出一批带有黑麦抗病性状的小偃6号类型种质材料。应用连续C-分带-基因组原位杂交(sequent C-banding-GISH)技术对上述材料进行染色体组成分析,筛选出2个小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL纯合易位系BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1。其中,BC152-1-1(2n=42)除含有1对1RS/1BL易位染色体外,未见其他染色体变异;BC01-89-1(2n=43)除含有1对1RS/1BL纯合易位染色体外,还附加1条两端缺失的3R染色体。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成分析和品质分析结果表明,BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1不仅含有来自小偃6号的14+15优质亚基,而且其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和SDS沉降值等品质性状都得到显著改良。The wheat-rye 1RS/1BL translocation has made a great contribution to the wheat production in the world since the Green Revolution. The 1RS/1BL translocations, for the existence of the short arm of rye（ Secale cereale L.） chromosome 1 R, often have many good traits such as high yield potential, muhi-resistance to diseases and good adaptation to acid soil. Many studies also illustrated that 1RS carries a lot of rust resistance genes （ Sr31, Lr26, Yr9 ） and powdery mildew resistance gene （ Pm8）. As a result, the short arm of 1R is frequently used as alien chromatin in wheat （ Triticum aestivum L. ） improvement. But one major concern about this translocation recently is its single origin, with the consequence being loss of resistances to new races of stripe rust and powdery mildew. The other concern is that most of wheat cuhivars carrying this chromosome arm were shown a defective grain quality, in particular, sticky dough and a reduction in dough strength. The reduction in dough strength was thought to be due to the presence of monomeric secalins from rye （Sec-1） and the substitution of glutenins and gliadins （ Glu-3 and Gli-1 ）. In order to develop new potentially usable disease resistant alien germplasm and improve the quality of 1RS/1BL translocations, cross was carried out between the Triticum aestivum L. cv. ＂Xiaoyan 6＂ and Secale cereale L. cv. ＂German White＂. ＂German White＂ is a winter rye cuhivar which is immune from stripe rust and powdery mildew. ＂Xiaoyan 6＂ is an elite winter wheat cuhivar derived from the cross of common wheat × Thinopyrum ponticum （2n = 70）. It possesses the characteristics of good processing quality, high yield potential, earliness, good stress tolerance and wide adaptation. Wheat-rye hybrids between ＂Xiaoyan 6＂ and ＂German White＂ were obtained in 1994. The F~ were treated with colchicines. The F2 and the subsequent generations were self-crossed and planted in the field. Each individual plant was selected with the qualities of see

关 键 词：小麦 黑麦 1RS/1BL易位系 连续C-分带-基因组原位杂交 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]