中国古生代鱼类微体化石研究二十年  

20 YEARS OF THE STUDIES OF PALAEOZOIC VERTEBRATE MICROFOSSILS FROM CHINA

作　　者：王念忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《地层学杂志》2006年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Stratigraphy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.49872010);重点项目(No.40332017);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号2000077705)资助。

摘　　要：回顾二十年来我国古生代鱼类微体化石的研究工作,该项研究由起步而后成为我国古生代鱼类研究工作的一个重要组成部分,填补了鱼类大化石涉足不到的许多研究领域、也填补了我国古生代微体化石研究中脊椎动物微体化石(主要指无颌类和鱼类,也简称为鱼类)这一重要的空白。我国已发现的古生代鱼类微体化石产自属于不同相区的54个岩组中,包括无颌类和鱼类共7个亚纲的化石。对这些鱼类微体化石进行了形态学、古组织学、生物矿物学、分类学和系统发育学的研究;在此基础上进行了生物年代学、生物地层学和界线层型的研究,特别是建立了志留纪、泥盆纪和石炭纪鱼类微体化石组合序列,个别成熟的岩段建立了生物带;研究了泥盆系-石炭系界线和二叠系-三叠系界线上下的鱼类微体化石;长兴煤山二叠纪末鱼类的集群绝灭发生的很晚,持续的时间很短,规模很大,绝灭率高达93%;华南早三叠世鱼类的复苏和辐射相当快,从绝灭期到辐射期仅用了1.3Myr到4Myr;塔里木盆地中古生代红色岩系应属于一种滨海环境、塔塔埃尔塔格组和依木干他乌组含软骨鱼群地层的时代为早志留世特里奇期(Telychian);利用贵州和塔里木盆地存在相近的软骨鱼群成功地进行了海相—非海相对比研究,从而判定软骨鱼群中至少存在一部分广盐性鲨类,两地具相近的软骨鱼群和塔里木盆地含有华南中古生代普遍存在的盔甲鱼类进一步表明华南板块与塔里木板块在中古生代应属于同一个古动物地理区。在综述所取得的成果的同时对今后的研究工作进行了展望。Palaeozoic vertebrate microfossils （Agnatha and fishes） were reported from China as early as 1984 （Wang Nian-zhong, 1984）. During the last two decades a considerable amount of vertebrate microfossils have been collected from fifty-four formations of China, including forty-six typical marine formations and fairly comprehensive studies have been carried out on such major group as agnatha.galeaspids and thelodonts and fishes, acanthodians, actinopterygians, placoderms, sarcopterygians and chondrichthies. They have yielded a great variety of vertebrate microfossil assemblages in nearly all depositional lithofacies, especially the assemblages from the Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous deposits of China. During the end-Permian mass extinction in the Meishan section, fishes were late to become extinct, duration of the fish mass extinction was short and extinction rates of fishes were high and reached 93%. Fish recovery and radiation from the mass extinction in South China was rapid and needed only 1.3Myr to 4Myr from the mass extinction to radiation interval. The use of two similar chordrichthyan faunas from both the Xiushan Formation of the Guizhou Province and the Tataaiertage and Yimugantawu formations for geological correlation has been known. It is inferred from these data that the faunas include at least a part of euryhaline sharks, the age of the Tataaiertage and Yimugantawu formations is Early Silurian （Telychian） and the habitat of the sharks living in the Tataaiertage and Yimugantawu formations must be a littoral environment. Similar chondrichthyan faunas and galeaspids in both Guizhou Province and the Tarim Basin shows that South China and Tarim Basin during the Middle Palaeozoic consist of a single fish fauna province, the Chinese Province at that time may be correlated with the Euramerica, Siberia and Gondwana.

关 键 词：中国 古生代 鱼类 微体化石 

分 类 号：P534.4[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]