干细胞基础研究的新进展  

New progress in the basic research of stem cells

作　　者：唐佩弦[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院基础医学研究所

出　　处：《基础医学与临床》2006年第1期1-11,共11页Basic and Clinical Medicine

摘　　要：近5年来,在世界范围出现干细胞的研究热潮,有关干细胞的论文大量发表,风起云涌。然而,有部分的实验结论缺乏充足的证据,而引起质疑。例如干细胞“横向分化”的假设错误地认为干细胞可以跨胚层、跨系别地任意地变身,脂肪变肝脏,肌肉变神经等等。成体干细胞的存在是21世纪一个伟大的科学发现。越来越多的实验证明成体组织中还存在胚胎发育过程遗留下的各个胚层的干细胞和各类组织干细胞。全身各类组织中的成体干细胞含有除了生殖干细胞外的各种干细胞。至今,只有在生殖组织中才能发现生殖干细胞,因而生殖组织以外的成体干细胞又称为亚全能干细胞。成体干细胞包括造血和非造血的干细胞,非造血的干细胞又包括了各种非造血组织的干细胞,例如神经干细胞和间充质干细胞等。间充质干细胞是全身结缔组织(骨、软骨、肌肉、脂肪、纤维、血管等)的干细胞,它是创伤、烧伤、缺血坏死、骨髓损伤等修复过程中所必不可少的,有巨大的临床应用前景。随着生命科学的全面发展,干细胞领域中的认识误区将逐步得到澄清,干细胞科学也必将健康地发展起来。During the recent 5 years, an upsurge of stem cell biology research has appeared around the world with a huge number of papers published. A part of them, however, concluded with a hypothesis of so called ＂transdifferentiation＂ or ＂stem cell plasticity＂ that stem cells could transform into any other tissues such as fats becoming liver or muscle changing into nervous cells and so on, that all lacks of strong evidence. The discovery of adult stem cells （ASC） in the adult tissues was actually a great scientific epoch-making towards the end of 1999 though the authors made a wrong conclusion of transdifferentiation at that time. More and more evidences showed that the ASC in the adult tissue are the remnants of stem cells from every stage of embryonic development. The tissue specific stem cells harbored in the adult tissues can only be induced to differentiate in the progeny cells of its own committed origin. ASC includes hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stem cells and there are lots of stem cells in the latter, like nervous stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells （MSC）. The progenies of MSC are the connective tissues, such as osteoblasts, chodroblasts, myocytes, angio-endothelio cells, etc, which are most important during the recovery and reconstitution of tissue injury, ischemic necrosis and hematopoietic damage.

关 键 词：干细胞生物学 成体干细胞 间充质干细胞 胚胎发育 

分 类 号：R329.2[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]