渗透压对硝化作用的影响  

Effect of Osmotic Pressure on Nitrification

作　　者：郑平[1] 吴明生[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境工程系,杭州310029

出　　处：《生物工程学报》2006年第1期156-161,共6页Chinese Journal of Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30070017);浙江省重大科技攻关项目(No.2003C13005)~~

摘　　要：在气升式内循环硝化反应器中研究了渗透压对硝化作用的影响。保持进水氨氮浓度420mg·L-1,将进水渗透压逐渐从4.3×105Pa提高到18.8×105Pa,硝化反应器的氨氮转化率稳定在93%～100%。将进水渗透压进一步提高到19.2×105Pa,氨氮转化率降至69.2%。渗透压对硝化作用的影响具有突发性,临界值在18.8×105～19.2×105Pa之间。受高渗透压胁迫时,活性污泥中硝化细菌的形态趋向单一,个体变小,内膜数量减少,并产生许多不明成分的颗粒状内含物。解除渗透压胁迫后,细胞结构恢复。添加钾离子能够缓解高渗压对硝化作用的影响。高渗透压胁迫以及解除渗透压胁迫可增强污泥硝化活性,比污泥氨氮转化率(污泥以SS计)分别从0.083kg·kg-1·d-1升至0.509kg·kg-1·d-1和2.569kg·kg-1·d-1,同比提高5.1倍和30.0倍。The effect of osmotic pressure on nitrification was investigated in the internal-loop air-lift nitrifying reactor. When influent ammonia concentration is kept at 420mg·L^-1 and influent osmotic pressure is increased from 4.3 to 18.8 × 10^5Pa, the ammonia conversion of the nitrifying bioreactor is maintained between 93 % and 100%. After influent osmotic pressure is further increased to 19.2 × 10^5 Pa, the ammonia conversion goes down to 69.2%. The influence of osmotic pressure on nitrification takes place without any alarm and the critical osmotic pressure is between 18.8 × 10^5 and 19.2 × 10^5Pa. During osmotic stress, the nitrifying bacterial populations in the activated sludge become simplified, the cell size becomes smaller, the inner membrane becomes less and some unknown inclusion particles are formed. The cell structure is restored as soon as the osmotic pressure is removed. Addition of potassium is able to relieve the effect of osmotic pressure on nitrification. The nitrifying activity of the activated sludge is stimulated by the osmotic stress, and the specific ammonia conversion is increased from 0.083 kg·kg^-1 · d^-1 to 0. 509 kg· kg^-1 · d^-1 and 2.569 kg·kg^-1·d^-1 , respectively.

关 键 词：渗透压影响 硝化作用 气升式内循环硝化反应器 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]