硬实种子休眠的机制和解除方法  

Dormancy Mechanism and Breaking Methods for Hard Seeds

作　　者：杨期和[1] 尹小娟[1] 叶万辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省嘉应学院,梅州514015 [2]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650

出　　处：《植物学通报》2006年第1期108-118,共11页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000046803);广东省科技计划项目(2004B36001018);广东省教育厅自然科学研究项目(Z03088)

摘　　要：硬实是植物中普遍存在的现象。硬实种子种皮透水透气性差和对胚生长的机械限制,引起种子休眠。遗传因素、母株环境、贮藏条件、采收方法、种子本身的成熟度、含水量、大小、形状及颜色都能影响种子硬实率。硬实的处理方法大体可分物理、化学和生物3类,这些方法通过改善种皮的通透性,促进气体交换和水分进入,消除机械限制而促进萌发。物理方法有机械损伤、低温和高温处理、干湿交错处理、辐射和高压处理等;化学方法有酸蚀、碱液浸泡和有机溶剂等处理。硬实休眠有利于植物调节种子萌发的时空分布,在种质保存上也具有特别重要的意义。Hardseedness is a naturally occurring phenomenon for many plants, especially leguminous species. Dormancy for hard seeds is caused by impermeability to water and gas and mechanical constraint of the seed coat. All of the genetic factors, maternal environment, storage conditions, collecting methods and the degree of maturity, moisture content, size, shape and colour of seeds can affect hardseed percentage. The methods for breaking dormancy in hard seeds are generally classified into physical, chemical and biological treatments, which hasten germination by improving seed coat permeability, gas exchange, and water entrance and relieve mechanical constraints. The physical methods include mechanical scarification, low and high temperature, hydration-dehydration, irradiation, high pressure and other physical treatments, and the chemical ones include acid scarification, alkali solution soaking and other organic chemical treatments. Dormancy in hard seeds benefits spatiotemporal distribution of seed germination and is of great significance for preserving germplasm.

关 键 词：种子 硬实 休眠 解除 

分 类 号：Q945.35[生物学—植物学]