四川省石渠县藏狐洞穴的生态特征分析  

Ecological Characteristics of Tibetan Fox Dens in Shiqu County Sichuan Province, China

作　　者：王正寰[1] 王小明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2006年第1期18-22,共5页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：美国国立卫生院(NIH)中国包虫病传播途径研究(EID1565)子项目;教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养基金资助项目;"十五""211工程"重点学科建设子项目;上海市重点学科生态学基金资助项目;华东师范大学优秀博士研究生培养基金资助项目

摘　　要：为了解藏狐（Vulpes ferrilata）的洞穴特征，探讨洞穴结构和藏狐的生存环境适应机制之间的关系，于2001年7至8月、2002年7至8月、2003年8至11月和2004年3至4月于四川省石渠县，选定在230km^2的调查区域内共设样线4条，总长度40km，采用不定宽样线法，调查藏狐洞穴结果发现：①洞口数量平均为（1．8±1．8，n=156）个，以单口穴为主（n=109，71．2％），多口穴较单口穴具有较高的坡位分布（U=1417，P〈0．001）；洞道细深，洞穴质地以土质洞穴为主（74．7％），而石质洞穴有显著高的坡位分布（χ^2=10．227，df=2，P=0．006）。②共发现4个繁殖洞穴，均为土质多洞口洞穴，坡向分布在220-320°之间。③洞口朝向无显著聚集性（Z=0．898，n=201，P〉0．05），坡向分布却显著地聚向其平均值（249．9±77．1）°（Z=7．907．n=201，P〈0．05），洞口朝向和坡向之间无显著的相关性（F1.400=5．365，P〈0．05）；洞道的挖掘角度和坡势之间存在一致性（t=0．350，n=116，P〉0．05）。Dens of Tibetan fox in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province were surveyed to understand their characteristics and the mechanism of habitat adaptation of the Tibetan fox. Four fixed line transects with a total length of 40 km, covering 230 km^2 research area were set from July to August 2001, 2002, August to November 2003, and March to April 2004. The mean entrance number of Tibetan fox dens was 1.8 ± 1.8 （ n = 156）. Multi-entrance dens （ n = 47） were more distributed on slope than mon-entrance （ n = 109） （ U = 1 417, P 〈 0.001 ）. The mean of width, height and the first tunnel length of 91 measured dens were （ 17.0 ± 2.5） cm, （24.9 ± 7.2） cm and （ 169.9 ± 88.4） cm respectively. Tibetan fox dens were mainly constructed by soil （74.7%）. Rock dens were significantly more distributed on slope than the other two kinds of dens （χ^2 = 10. 227, P = 0. 006）. Den entrance exposure did not show concentration on mean angle （Rayleigh, Z =0.898, n = 201, P 〉 0.05）, but slope direction concentrated significantly on the mean angle （249.9 ± 77.1）° （Rayleigh, Z = 7.907, n = 201, P 〈 0.05）. No correlation was found between entrance exposure and slope direction （Hotelling, F 1.400 = 5. 365, P 〈 0.05） but the first tunnel obliquity correlated with the gradient （t = 0. 350, n = 116, P 〉 0.05）, four breeding dens were found during our field research. These breeding dens were all made of soil with the slope direction from 220° to 320°. No fox dens were found on the plain area.

关 键 词：藏狐 洞穴 洞穴特征 生境选择 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]