红壤和紫色土区域植被恢复中的水土流失过程  

Process of Loss of Soil and Water in Red Soil and Purple Soil Areas of Recovering Plants

作　　者：袁正科[1] 周刚[1] 田大伦[2] 袁穗波[1] 张灿明[1] 刘文端 

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林学院生态研究室,湖南长沙410004 [3]衡阳县林业局,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《中南林学院学报》2005年第6期1-7,共7页Journal of Central South Forestry University

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目"长江中游湘南红壤丘岗区水土保持型植被建设研究与示范"(2004BA510130106);国家重点野外科学观测试验站(会同)项目

摘　　要：在防护专用林、防护型用材林、防护型经济林和防护型薪炭林以2∶1∶1∶1比例配置的条件下,进行长期定位研究,其结果是:(1)在1～4 a期间,红壤区和紫色土区单位面积泥沙流失量分别减少38.98%和36.05%,平均含沙量分别减少41.19%和18.43%; 4～7 a期间,两区域泥沙流失量分别减少99.86%和75.73%,平均含沙量减少97.52%和 78.00%.(2)植被恢复后的第7 a,红壤区的土壤侵蚀量已控制在允许量以内,为3.42 t·km-2a-1;紫色土土壤侵蚀量以养分流失为标准时,在允许量以内,以成土量为标准时,尚有一定距离.(3)红壤水土流失量比紫色土小,在水土流失量的减小速度上大于紫色土区.红壤较紫色土区生态恢复快.(4)降雨量在10.1 mm·d-1以上时,造林1～4 a期间,两类区域均易造成水土流失,水土流失量主要产生于25.1 mm·d-1以上的几场降雨.A long-time local investigation was conducted, according to the arranged proportion of 2：1：1：1, on all the protecting forest, protecting timber forest, protecting economical forest, and protecting firewood forest. The results are obtained as follows, （1） In the first period of 1-4 year, erosion unit area decreased 38. 98% and 36.05% ; the averaging sediment decreased 41.19% and 18.43% in the red soil area and purple soil area. In the period of 4-7 year, erosion unit area decreased 99.86% and 75.73% the averaging sediment decreased 97. 52% and 78. 00%. （2） In the 7th year, erosion in red soil area is 3.42 t· km^-2a^-2, lower than permitted erosion; the erosion in purple soil area is lower than permitted erosion but according to the level of nutrient loss, it is not so if the level is speeding to produce soil. （3） The loss of soil and water in red soil area is lower than that in P/purple soil area, the decreasing speed of the soll and water loss in red soil area is bigger than that in purple soil area. （4） The soil and water loss takes place easily when the precipitation is more than 10.1 mm/day in two types of soil areas. Main loss of soil and water is produced by the precipitation of more than 25.1 mm/day.

关 键 词：林学 紫色土 红壤 土壤区域 植被恢复 水土流失 湘中丘陵 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学] S714.7