颅骨的非对称性及其测量法  

Asymmetry of the Cranium and its Measuring Method

作　　者：丁士海[1] 薛良华 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学医学院,山东青岛266071 [2]山东医学高等专科学校

出　　处：《菏泽医学专科学校学报》2005年第4期10-12,共3页Journal of Heze Medical College

摘　　要：目的探讨颅骨的非对称性及其测量方法,为临床和人类学提供数据。方法采用颅骨125例 (青岛出土己知性别男69,女27;长春地区按整套骨骼鉴定的女性颅骨29个),测量鼻根点n和枕外隆凸点i分别至左右耳上点po距离,左右耳上点距lpo-rpo和鼻根点n至枕外隆凸点i距离,再按自编BASIC程序计算出实际颅骨正中平面n-i与理论颅骨正中平面n’-I’的关系,是否偏转及其偏角度,以及n-i和n’i’二者在 lpo-rpo连线交叉点o-o’的距离,从而可判断出颅骨的对称性及其偏差程度和方向。结果颅骨对称型设定在偏转相差角度在±0．1°、±0．5°和±1°以内者,分别占10．4±2．73％、44．0±4．43％和70．4±4．08％。非对称型中,颅顶观逆时钟偏转分别占57．6±4．42％、39．2±4．36％和22．4±3．72％;顺时钟偏转分别占32．0± 4．17％、16．8±3．34％和7．2±2．31％,分别为计算后的理论对称性颅的±2．31％。结论如果实际颅骨正中面与理论颅骨正中面的差距设定在±1°时,对称型颅骨约占2／3;颅骨也像四肢骨一样,存在着非对称性,可能与大脑半球的发育有关。Objective To study the asymmetry of the cranium, and to provide the related anthropological data. Methods Six meassurements, i.e. , the distances from nasion （n- point） and inion （i - point） to bilateral porion （lpo- and rpo- points） as well as the distances n- i and lpo- rpo, were taken from 125 crania （Qingdao male 69, female 27; Changchun female 29）. The data of relation between practical and throretical cranial median planes were got from BASIC programming compiled by ounself we could determine whether the cranium is symmetry or asymmetry. Results If the differences of the pratical and throretical median planes within ± 0.1°,± 0.5° and ± 1°, then the symmetry type well be 10.4± 2.73 %, 44.0 ± 14.43 % and 70.4±4.08 %, respectively; ammong the asymmetry type, the counter - clockwise rotate type from superior view will be 57.6 ± 4.42 %, 39.2 ± 4.36 % and 22.4 ± 3.72 % ; the clockwise rotate type are32.0±4.17%,16.8±3.34% and 7.2±2.31%, respectively. Conclusion The symmetry type posesses about two thirds, if the difference between the practical andthcoretical median plane compiled within ± 1°. The cranium has asymmetry type like the long bones of limbs, it may be related with the development of cerebral hemisphere.

关 键 词：颅骨非对称性 颅骨测量 新测量方法 

分 类 号：R322.71[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]