超市火灾烟气蔓延及人员疏散的模拟研究  

Simulation studies on smoke spread and occupant evacuation for shopping mall fire

作　　者：冯瑞[1] 霍然[1] 李元洲[1] 彭伟[1] 周吉伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230027

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2006年第1期22-25,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划专项资助(2001CB409604)

摘　　要：针对某大型超市的实际建筑结构以及人员分布情况,利用计算机模拟设定了几种不同情况下的火灾场景,研究了火灾情况下影响人员疏散的因素,并根据烟气运动和人员疏散模拟的结果,对该超市人员疏散楼梯的数量、宽度以及位置分布进行评估。指出了实际超市火灾过程中人员疏散应该注意的一些问题,给出了合理的防火分区划分以及疏散楼梯的分配方式,对超市建筑人员疏散具有一定的指导意义。Aiming at the actual building structure of some large-scale shopping malls as well as the customers distribution situation, the authors of this paper have established some kinds of computer simulations for different situations in fire scenarios, and investigate factors affecting personnel evacuation on the condition of fire. According to the results of the simulation of the situations of both smoke movement and human evacuation, the number of staircases in the supermarket which can be used for human evacuation, and the width as well as the position distribution have also been carried on for evaluation. The above research has enabled us to point out that some problems on the personnel evacuation are to be paid special attention to in the case of actual fire incidence with supermarkets and shopping malls. The present simulation has also given a reasonable fire protection district which can be used to distribute and disperse people under threat. Thus, it can be seen that the simulation may have some instructive meaning for the personnel evacuation in such places. And therefore, it can be used as a reference to the design of such buildings.

关 键 词：消防工程 人员疏散 烟气蔓延 大型商场 建筑火灾 计算机模拟 

分 类 号：TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]