小说“非个性化”叙述背后的道德关怀  

The Moral Choice behind Impersonal Narrative

作　　者：王松林[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学外语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2006年第1期36-43,共8页Foreign Literature Studies

摘　　要：本文追溯小说非个性化叙述的缘起、发展和趋势,阐明了非个性化叙述策略的哲学思想基础。文章认为,所谓纯客观化的叙述是不存在的,操纵非个性化叙述行为的仍然是作者那看不见却又无处不在之手,作者的道德和价值判断无时不在作品中以各种方式泄露出来。非个性化叙述在极大地丰富了小说艺术的同时,也在一定程度上误导了20世纪小说的发展,致使20世纪相当数量的小说呈现出高度形式化的写作倾向。笔者对小说极端形式主义的倾向进行了批评,认为小说的写作实验不能背离这一艺术样式的基本特征。小说的本质是讲述,其灵魂是情节,其价值在于对人生进行道德层面的和审美层面的双向把握。小说“非个性化”叙述行为背后流露的也必然是主体的道德选择及其与读者的相互交流。This paper traces the origin, development and tendency of ＂impersonal narrative＂ and illustrates the philosophical bases of this strategy. The author of this paper believes that impersonal narrative is nothing but the author＇ s technique in controlling the narrative distance. It is a camouflage of the author＇ s judgments and therefore artistically deceptive, The so-called pure objectivity in narrative is simply impossible. The author＇ s hand manipulating the impersonal narrative is invisible yet omnipresent, and the author＇ s moral view and value judgment are always betrayed directly or indirectly in the narrative. While the technique of impersonal narrative has greatly enriched the art of novel, it misleads to a certain degree the novel writing of the 20th century, which is characterized by a claim of the death of the author, a total rejection of the author＇ s voice and moral judgment and finally a tendency of highly formalized practice in narrative. This paper criticizes the extreme formalism in novel writing, insisting that the experiment of novel writing should not depart from the essential qualities of the novel as a genre. The novel, as this paper tries to demonstrate, is essentially an art of telling instead of showing, with the plot as its soul and the moral and aesthetic judgments as its value of existence. The paper concludes that behind the ＂ impersonal narrative＂ lies the author＇ s latent communication with the readers as well as his own moral choices.

关 键 词：非人格化叙述 客观化 作者 道德选择 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]