北京地区引种阿月浑子生长发育条件分析  

Study on Microclimate and Soil Characteristics for Pistacia vera Introduction in Beijing Area

作　　者：马世超[1] 李树蓉[1] 冯春华[2] 冷平生[1] 苏淑钗[3] 李旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院园林系,北京102206 [2]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100080 [3]北京林业大学资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《林业科学》2006年第1期63-69,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：国家林业局"948"项目基金(96-4-71-02);北京市教委科委匹配资助(9510507200)

摘　　要：1996-1998年引进美国良种Kerman、Peters及对照新疆阿月浑子，利用自制BEM-1型微机测量系统，研究北京引种试验地3处理小气候和土壤条件与引进良种及对照的生长发育、繁殖的关系。结果表明：与原产地气候相比，最大的差异是7、8月的降水量大及12、1月的低温。大量降水导致空气相对湿度大，8月为60％，阴雨天达70％，利于嫁接成活，但植株病害严重。其他条件如地上100cm处气温变幅最大，露地低温极值-9，18℃、高温峰值42．63℃、地表0cm低温极值-5．85℃、棚内-4．25℃和-5．15℃；因此露地阿月浑子幼树越冬需简易防寒。光照强度日变幅各处理类同，影响因素有照度、时问和设施（大棚、小棚），以照度影响较大。CO2浓度晨300～330μmol·mol^-1；午230-250μmol·mol^-1，不足光合作用需求。土壤特性呈碱性。强碱性，沙壤土，有机质及全氮含量较高，缺乏速效磷。阿月浑子在pH8．66-8．80的沙壤土生长良好，在该引种条件下可正常开花结实，而开始结实年龄主要受品种影响。Based on the existing state of bad results from introducing Pistacia vera for many years in China, the relationships between the growth, development, and propagation of P. vera and microclimate and soil conditions were studied by microcomputers with the software system BEM - 1 developed by authors for 8 years in Beijing. In the introducing experiment of P. vera, two improved varieties of Kerman and Peters introduced from the United States of America from 1996 to 1998, and the Chinese Pistacia from Xinjiang used as control, were planted in three different growth conditions （large greenhouse, small greenhouse, and field in Beijing Agriculture College）. The investigation results showed that the biggest difference in weather conditions was the larger rainfall from July to August and the lower temperature from December to January in Beijing compared with the weather in the origin of P. vera. The vast amount of precipitation resulted in higher relative humidity in atmosphere, reaching 60% in average in Aug. and 70% in rainy days, which was benefit to the survival of grafting plants, but causing serious diseases at the same time. The biggest change in the atmospheric temperature was found at 100 cm above ground with the lowest temperature -9.18℃ and the highest temperature 42.63℃ in one year. The lowest temperature was -5.85℃ found at the soil surface in field and - 4.25℃ and - 5.15℃ were recorded in greenhouses. Therefore, necessary measures were needed to protect the young trees of P. vera from cold injury in winter using simple ways. The daily variation in light intensity was similar for three treatments. The light intensity varied with weather, time and facilities （large greenhouse or small green house） and the effect of weather was the most important. The concentration of CO2 was 300 - 330 μmol·mol^-1 in morning, 230 - 250μmol·mol^-1 at noon, which was not enough for photosynthesis requirements. The field soil was alkaline with more organic matter and total N, but low available P. P. vera grew

关 键 词：北京地区 阿月浑子 引种 小气候 土壤 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]