不同水稻产量形成过程的干物质积累与分配特征  

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning in the Process of Yield Formation in Different Rice Cultivars

作　　者：林瑞余[1,2] 梁义元[3] 蔡碧琼[1] 何海斌[1] 林文雄[1,2,4] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院 [2]福建农林大学农业生态研究所,福州350002 [3]福建农林大学农业生态研究所 [4]教育部生物农药与化学生物学重点实验室,福州350002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2006年第2期185-190,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"氮素调控水稻化感作用的分子机理("30471028);福建省粮食科技重大专题"水稻新品种(组合)高效生产和加工新技术研究("2004NZ014)。

摘　　要：2003年在福建农林大学教学农场以晚季稻汕优63(三系杂交稻)、两优2186(二系杂交稻)和IR64(常规稻)为材料,研究了3种晚季水稻产量形成过程的干物质积累与分配特征。结果表明,汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质积累量在各生育期的变化趋势相似,干物质积累量间亦无显著差异。汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质积累量均在黄熟期最高,依次达到2074.13g/m2、1976.10g/m2和1924.14g/m2,完熟期时依次降低到1926.38g/m2、1933.80g/m2和1842.30g/m2,完熟过程中损耗的干物质分别占其干物质积累量的7.12%、2.63%和4.25%,这与呼吸消耗增强,稻株自然衰老有关。汕优63和IR64的群体生长率均以孕穗初期最大,分别为52.13g/(m2·d)和44.26g/(m2·d),两优2186的CGR以齐穗期最大(45.15g/<m2·d>),3种水稻各生育期CGR的大小依次为:孕穗初期(齐穗期)>灌浆期>黄熟期>分蘖盛期>分蘖初期。3种水稻的干物质在各器官中的分配比例均以籽粒的最大,汕优63、两优2186和IR64的干物质分配在籽粒中的比例分别为47.94%,41.14%和45.69%。灌浆过程中,汕优63、两优2186和IR64总干物质的表观转化率依次为46.87%、24.98%和34.41%。汕优63(三系杂交稻)在物质转化和分配方面比两优2186(二系杂交稻)和IR64(常规稻)更优。采用三次曲线模型和Logistic模型对3种水稻产量形成过程干物质积累变化进行拟合的结果表明,三次曲线模型拟合的精度均比Logistic模型高,R2均大于0.99。Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution in three different rice cultivars, i.e. three-line hybrid rice Shanyou 63, two-line hybrid rice Liangyou 2186 and traditional rice IR 64, were studied in experimental farm of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou China in 2003. The results showed that the three rice cultivars performanced the same trends in the accumulation of dry matter, and no significant difference was found in all entries throughout all developmental stages. The amounts of accumulated dry matter in Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR64 were 2074.13 g/m^2, 1976.10 g/m^2 and 1924.14 g/m^2 at yellow mature stage, respectively, showing no significant different among them, then went down to 1926.38 g/m^2, 1933.80 g/m^2 and 1842.30 g/m^2 at fully grain-maturing stage,accompanying with 7.12%, 2.63% and 4.25% consumed amounts of total dry matter accumulateo at yeuow maturing stage during full mature stage for Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR64, which were considered to be related to higher respiration and natural plant aging. The community growth rate（CGR） of Shanyou 63 and IR64 peaked at full tilling stage, indicating 52.13 g/（m^2·d） and 44.26 g/（m^2·d） respectively, and Liangyou 2186 peaked at early heading stage with a value of 45.15 g/（m^2·d）. The CGR of the three rice cuhivars changed in different developmental stage showed in the order： Early heading stage （Full heading stage） 〉Grain filling stage 〉Yellow maturing stage〉Full tilling stage〉Early tilling stage. Moreover, the rates of dry matter partitioning to the sink of grain in Shanyou 63, Liangyou 2186 and IR 64 were 47.94%, 41.14% and 45.69% respectively, of which about 46.87%, 24.98% and 34.41% dry matter stored in leaf, stem, shealth and root were translocated to grain sink in the process of grain filling. In view of translocation and partitioning coefficients of dry matter to grain, Shanyou 63 （three-line hybrid rice）was much more advantageous over Liangyou 2186 （two-line hybrid ri

关 键 词：水稻 干物质 积累 分配 群体生长率 模型 

分 类 号：S565.106.2[农业科学—作物学] S511