亚热带山地亮叶水青冈林的群落分类及物种组成与更新  

Community classification,species composition,and regeneration of Fagus lucida forests in subtropical mountains, China

作　　者：汪正祥[1] 雷耘[2] Kazue Fujiwara 刘林翰[4] 薛跃规[5] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,武汉430062 [2]华中师范大学生命科学学院,武汉430079 [3]日本横滨国立大学环境情报研究院 [4]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410000 [5]广西师范大学生命科学学院,桂林541000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2006年第1期29-40,共12页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金(400-095431);湖北省自然科学基金(2005ABA202);湖北省教育厅科学研究基金(400-094111)

摘　　要：水青冈属(Fagus)约有11种,我国有5种。亮叶水青冈(Faguslucida)是我国间断分布于亚热带高海拔山地的主要落叶树种。近年来亮叶水青冈林受砍伐严重,为了保护残存的林地,作者采用Braun-Blanquet(1964)、Fujiwara(1987)的植物社会学方法,对分布于中国亚热带山地的南山、梵净山、宽阔水、八大公山4地域的亮叶水青冈林进行了植被的比较研究。根据37个样方调查的资料,区分出3个群丛6个亚群丛。比较3个群丛的物种组成、生活型结构发现,位于南山的毛玉山竹–亮叶水青冈群丛(Yushaniobasihirsuto–Fagetumlucidae)及位于梵净山与宽阔水的大箭竹–亮叶水青冈群丛(Sinarundinariochungii–Fagetumlucidae),其常绿落叶阔叶混交林的特征明显;而八大公山的箭竹–亮叶水青冈群丛(Sinarundinarionitido–Fagetumlucidae),其落叶阔叶林的特征较显著。南山与八大公山的亮叶水青冈林立木结构分析结果表明,前者呈“L”型分布,林窗的存在使亮叶水青冈可以保持更新,密集的竹子是妨碍其自然更新的主要因素;后者呈“Λ”状分布,尽管林下竹子稀疏,自然更新却严重不良,其原因尚待继续定点观测分析。Fagus （Fagaceae） is a small genus with 11 monoecious tree species. Fagus lucida, occurring in high subtropical mountains, is an abundant deciduous species which forms an important component of mixed broad-leaved evergreen and deciduous forests. Using Braun-Blanquet and Fujiwara phytosociological methods, we compared the E lucida forests distributed in Mt. Nanshan, Mt. Fanjing, Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, and Mt. Badagong in order to protect remanet forests due to overexploitation. Based on data from 37 sites, three associations and six subassociations were identified. Comparing species composition and life-form structure of the associations, we found that the Yushanio basihirrsuto-Fagetum lucidae communities in Mt. Nanshan and Sinarundinario chungii-Fagetum lucidae communities in Mt. Fanjing and Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve had similar characteristics of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests,while Sinarundinario nitido-Fagetum lucidae communities in Mt. Badagong presented feature of deciduous broad-leaved forests. The DBH size classes of F. lucida in Mt. Nanshan and Mt. Badagong had an L-shaped distribution and a monomodal distribution, respectively. In Mt. Nanshan, F. lucida regeneration benefits from forest gaps but is hindered by dense bamboo. In Mt. Badagong, natural regeneration of F. lucida is poor although bamboo is scarce. Further researches is needed to explain this phenomenon.

关 键 词：群丛 生活型组成 植物社会学分类 立木结构 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]