黄河中游砒砂岩地区土地利用对生物多样性的影响评价  

Land-use impacts on biodiversity in the soft rock area of the middle reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：高清竹[1] 何立环[2] 江源[3] 杨劼[4] 康慕谊[3] 赵云龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中国环境监测总站生态室,北京100029 [3]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875 [4]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《生物多样性》2006年第1期41-47,共7页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40371043);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000018604和G2002CB412508)

摘　　要：作者以长川流域附近的阿贵庙自然保护区的主要植被类型为对照,通过对黄河中游砒砂岩地区长川流域内的各土地利用/覆盖类型之间的生物多样性的比较分析,综合评价了人类土地利用活动对当地生物多样性的影响。结果表明:沙棘(Hippophaerhamnoides)灌丛、草地、油松(Pinustabuliformis)林地和中间锦鸡儿(Caraganainter-media)灌丛等土地利用类型的生物多样性指数较高;进一步运用S?renson指数分析发现,仅中间锦鸡儿灌丛、草地和油松林三类与主要自然植被类型有着较高的相似性,其S?renson指数均在40%左右。综合考虑Shannon-Wiener指数与S?renson指数,草地、中间锦鸡儿灌丛、油松林地等类型对当地物种多样性的影响相对较弱,有利于当地物种多样性的保护,在植被恢复和建设过程中应相对增大种植比例。In order to explore the effect of human activities such as vegetation restoration and reconstruction on plant communities, we compared species diversity of eight major land-use types in Changchuan watershed with that of Aguimiao Nature Reserve, a control of natural background, 40 km away from Changchuan. The results showed that seabuckthorn brushwood （dominated by Hippophae rhamnoides）, grassland, Chinese pine woodland （dominated by Pinus tabuliformis）, and intermediate peashrub brushwood （dominated by Caragana intermedia） supported relatively high species diversity. Intermediate peashrub brushwood, grassland and Chinese pine woodland had comparatively high similarity with controls, with Scrensen indices at about 40%, indicating that the plant diversity of those three land-use types were more similar to the natural vegetation in this region. Synthetic Evaluation Indices （SEI） for land-use impact on biodiversity can be obtained by integrating Shannon-Wiener and Scrensen indices. The values of SEI of each land-use type ranked in the following order： grassland 〉 Chinese pine woodland 〉 intermediate peashrub brushwood 〉 waste land 〉 hankow willow brushwood 〉 seabuckthorn brushwood 〉 simon poplar woodland 〉 crop land. Grassland, intermediate peashrub brushwood, and Chinese pine woodland should be adopted in the processes of vegeta- tion restoration and reconstruction, due to their functions of conserving local species diversity.

关 键 词：土地利用/覆盖 Shannon—Wiener指数 SФrenson指数 综合评价 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]