农户能源利用方式的选择与农村环境的变化:某贫困山村薪炭林利用案例研究  

Rural household energy use and rural environment change: case study on fuel forest use in a village in depressed area

作　　者：赫晓霞[1] 李文龙[1] 张晓楠[2] 朱慧武[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学深圳研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《生态环境》2006年第1期99-102,共4页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40471052);壳牌中国集团农村能源调研项目组资助

摘　　要：为了深入了解农户能源利用状况与农村环境的相互作用关系,对一个贫困山村进行了为期15天的实地考察。通过问卷调查,入户访谈等方式,收集了50余份问卷和大量原始数据、图片资料,发现当地农户在利用薪材能源作为燃料直接燃烧时并不会带来对当地森林资源的破坏,但能源利用效率不高;而在用薪材能源作为香菇培养基原料时显著地提高了能源利用效率,却也严重影响了当地森林资源的可持续利用。由此可见,能源利用方式的选择与农村环境的变化息息相关。为了保证农村能源的可持续利用,人们需要同时考虑农村环境的承载能力,这就决定了改善农户能源利用状况不能单纯以提高能源利用效率为目标。在结合当地客观条件,综合当地政府、当地农户的意见的基础上,提出了当地能源利用的最佳方向应该是:在不增加农民支出前提下,鼓励农民改善薪材能源的利用方式,力图达到提高能源利用效率和森林资源可持续利用的“双赢”目的。To deeply understand the relationship between rural household energy use and rural environment change, the team work of four students carried out a field work for 15 days in a village in depressed area. After days of hard work, we collected more than 50 questionnaires and quantities of references such as original data and pictures. We found that when wood is used as fuel there is little destroy to the local forest, but the utilization of energy is really not so high; while, when wood is used as raw material for the cultivating of mushroom, the utilization of energy is highly increased, but this process severely impacts the sustainable use of local forest. In conclusion, there is close relationship between the mode of energy use and rural environment change. In order to improve the status of energy use, the only index of utilization is not enough. To ensure the sustainable use of local forest, the capacity of rural environment need to be considered at the same time. On the premise of not increasing the cost of the rural households, we were trying to encourage the villagers to improve there mode of energy use in order to accomplish the common target of increasing the utilization of ener~ and sustainable use of local forest.

关 键 词：农户能源利用 能源利用方式 能源利用效率 农村环境 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]