人体肩关节不同功能位置上肱骨干应力-应变关系的试验生物力学研究  

Experimental biomechanics research on humeral shaft stress-strain relation in different functional position of shoulder joint

作　　者：何仿[1] 苟三怀[1] 王以进[2] 卜海富[3] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学附属长征医院骨科,上海200003 [2]上海大学生物力学研究所,上海200017 [3]安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科,安徽合肥230022

出　　处：《临床骨科杂志》2006年第1期57-61,共5页Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics

摘　　要：目的 探讨肱骨干骨折的生物力学机制，为预防和治疗肱骨干骨折提供理论依据。方法 采用试验生物力学的方法，在肩关节不同外展和旋转位置上，测定肱骨干内、外侧的应力、应变量，分析应变与载荷的关系。结果 在肩关节中立、内旋、外旋3种位置上，肱骨干内侧应力大，外侧应力小。肩关节外展角度从90°→30°变化时，肱骨干的平均应力逐渐增加，内、外旋时，肱骨干的应力增加更快、更大；随着载荷的增加，肱骨干的应变随之增加；当肩关节的外展自90°逐渐减小到30°时，在中立位、旋转位，肱骨干上内、外侧平均应变均呈逐渐增加的趋势，但内、外旋45°时比中立位时应变更为明显。结论 在生理载荷下，肩关节在不同的外展和旋转功能位置上肱骨干出现可重复性的应力、应变变化，且呈线性分布；肩关节30°→60°外展，同时发生旋转状态下肱骨干承受更大的应力，此时是肱骨干易发生骨折的受力状态；对于间接暴力所致的肱骨干骨折而言，肱骨干的外侧是张力侧，内侧为压力侧。Objective To investigate the biomechanics mechanism of humeral shaft fracture for exploration of theoretic foundation of it＇s prevention and treatment. Methods Experimental biomechanics method was adopted to determine stress and strain of medial and lateral humeral shaft in different abduction and rotation of shoulder, and to analyze their stress-strain relation. Results In the position of neutrality, internal rotation, external rotation , medial stress was higher than lateral one. With the change in abduction angle from 90° to 30°, the mean stress of humeral shaft increased gradually, and more and quicker elevation in stress could be seen in internal rotation and external rotation. Meanwhile, acompanying with increase in loading, strain of humeral shaft was larger. With the reduction in abduction angle from 90° to 30°, the mean strain of humeral shaft was prone to increase, and such trend was more significant in rotation than in neutrality. Conclusions Under physiological loading , the reproducible and linear stress-strain relation was found in humeral shaft in different functional position of shoulder. In the position of abduction from 30° to 60° and rotation simultaneously, humeral shaft bear larger stress and tend to fracture. As far as humeral shaft fracture caused by indirect violence is concerned, the lateral is tensile side and the medial is compressive one.

关 键 词：肱骨干 应力 应变 生物力学 

分 类 号：R323.71[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学] R318[医药卫生—基础医学]