乌鲁木齐铁路局尘肺转归的流行病学分析  

An epidemical analysis on pneumoconiosis in Urumqi Railway Bureau

作　　者：李志民[1] 段军[2] 杨春霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学第五附属医院心内科,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆医科大学第五附属医院职业病科,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆医科大学学报》2006年第2期125-127,共3页Journal of Xinjiang Medical University

摘　　要：目的：研究乌鲁木齐铁路局（以下简称乌铁局）尘肺患者的发病现况、特点及发展趋势，为科学、合理地制定预防对策提供理论依据。方法：对197～2002年乌铁局2619例尘肺患者的资料进行回顾性分析，用寿命表法中的累计死亡率和累积进展率2个指标来评价尘肺的进展情况和死亡情况以及死亡原因分布。结呆：（1）乌铁局尘肺患者初诊时年龄平均为58．3岁，平均接尘时间为9．4年，初次接尘至初次诊断的时间平均为33．7年，30年间尘肺患者的总死亡比为16．27％；其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期尘肺死亡比分别为12．80％、20．29％、48．08％。（2）患尘肺16年后有35．96％的患者病情发生恶化，其中14．78％的患者的病情进展，21．18％的患者死亡。（3）死亡原因中呼吸系统疾病占69．01％，尘肺合并感染和肺心病两者占呼吸系统疾病死因的64．28％。结论：为降低尘肺患者死亡率，应重点控制尘肺合并感染及肺心病的发牛，以明硅减少尘肺总死亡人数。提高耷肺患者的牛存质茸。Objective： To analyse the existence current status, Characteristics and advance trends of patients with pneumoconiosis, and to work out preventive measuers in Urumqi Railway Bureau. Methods： Data on 2 619 cases with pneumoconiosis in 1970～2002 were collected, tendency for accumulated death and advance in life table method were analyzed. Results： The age was 58.3 years old from first diagnosed, the times were 9.4 years on contanct dust, 33.7 years were first diagnosed to first contact dust for pneumoconiosis in this series. The total fatality cate was 16.27%, and 12.80%, 20.29% and 40.08% for Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ stage pneumoconiosis respectively. Exacerbation was 35. 96% after 16 years, advance and death were 14.70% and 21.18% for pneumoconiosis. The main cause of death was respiratory disease, the complicated infection and cor pulmonale were the major death causes accounting for 64.28 % in respiratory disease. Conclusions. Controling the infection and cor pulmonale is primary factor to reduced fatality rate for pneumoconiosis.

关 键 词：尘肺 寿命表法 进展率 死亡率 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生] R181.31[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]