环境铅污染对儿童行为影响的队列研究  

A Cohort Study of the Effect of Environmental Lead Exposure on Children Behavior Problems

作　　者：朱中平[1] 沈彤[1] 俞翠莲[2] 邹武庆[2] 刘俊玲 姜玉屏 朱启星[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,安徽合肥230032 [2]池州市疾病预防控制中心,安徽池州247100 [3]池州市贵池区妇幼保健所,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2006年第2期102-105,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：安徽省高校省学术带头人科研基金资助项目(2002HBL10);安徽省计划生育科研项目(2002-04);安徽省卫生厅科研项目(2002B090)

摘　　要：目的研究不同时期儿童铅暴露水平及其父母基线血铅、母亲孕中血铅等对儿童行为的影响。方法1996—2004年,采用前瞻性队列研究方法,在环境铅污染较严重的安徽省池州市贵池区,对队列内新婚夫妇进行追踪观察至分娩,其间对夫妇进行基线调查、孕前观察、孕期随访、分娩情况记录,并定期观察随访其子代发育情况。共采集到210对夫妇基线血样,93份孕中血样,98份脐带血样。分别于2001年和2004年系统地对队列内夫妇的子代进行体格检查和儿童问卷调查,用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL,家长用)对队列内儿童进行了行为问题测试,并采集幼儿指血165份、儿童指血161份,采用PE-AA800原子吸收光谱仪进行血铅水平检测。结果母亲基线血铅、父亲基线血铅、儿童血铅、幼儿血铅、脐带血铅和孕中血铅几何均值(G±s)依次为(62.71±2.18)、(72.93±2.06)、(91.93±1.58)、(130.39±1.88)、(54.32±2.11)和(50.93±1.95)μg/L;血铅超过100μg/L的样本所占比率分别为32.38%,38.10%,45.34%,43.03%,10.20%和9.68%。男童违纪和分裂样因子得分高于女童,而抑郁和社交退缩因子得分低于女童(P<0.05)。幼儿行为异常发生率为16.1%,其中男、女儿童的发生率分别为15.7%,16.7%。儿童分裂样因子得分与母亲孕中血铅水平呈正相关(β=0.168,P<0.05);女孩残忍因子得分与脐带血铅水平呈正相关(β=0.294,P<0.05);而总分、抑郁、多动、违纪、社交退缩、分裂样、攻击性、强迫性(男)因子得分与儿童血铅水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论出生前后不同时期铅暴露水平对儿童行为有一定的不良影响熏尤以儿童当前血铅水平影响更为显著。Objective To study the effect of lead exposure in different development periods （father BBLL and mother BBLL, MPBLL,UCBLL,IBLL,CBLL） on children behavior problems. Methods From 1996 to 2004,a nine-year epidemiological cohort study was conducted in a place with severe environmental lead pollution, Guichi district of Chizhou city in Anhui province, China. 210 newly-married couples with the intention to pregnancy and living around a lead and zinc smelt factory from Dec,1996 to Dec, 1998 until delivery and then their offspring were chosen. 161 children were investigated through the questionnaires and Achenbach child behavior checklist （CBCL）at Nov,2001 and Aug,2004. Meanwhile, 210 couples baseline blood （father BBLL and mother BBLL）, 93 mid-pregnancy blood（MPBLL）, 98 umbilical cord blood （UCBLL）,165 blood of infants（IBLL）, 161 blood of children （CBLL） were collected to determined the levels of lead by PE-AA800 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results Geometric mean of mother BBLL, father BBLL, children BLL, infants BLL, UCBLL and MPBLL were （62.71±2.18）μg/L,（72.93±2.06）μg/L, （91.93± 1.58）μg/L, （130.39±1.88）μg/L, （54.32±2.1 1）μg/L and （50.93±1.95）μg/L respectively, and the proportion of blood lead level at which were higher than 100 μg./L were 32.38%, 38.10%, 45.34%, 43.03%, 10.20%, 9.68% respectively. In 161 infants, the incidence of abnormal behavior problems was 16.1%. The scores of delinquent and abruption in boys were significant higher than those in girls, while the scores of depression and social withdrawal in girls were higher than those in boys. The single correlative and the multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the score of abruption was positively correlated significantly with MPBLL （β=0.162,P〈0.05）, and significant positive association was found between the score of brutality in girls and UCBLL（β=0.294,P〈 0.05）. Furthermore, the score of total, depression, hyperactivity, delinquent, social withdrawal, abruption,

关 键 词：铅 儿童 行为 队列研究 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]