缓释复合肥与覆膜旱作对水稻氮素营养的效应研究  

Effect of Slow-release Compound Fertilizers and Film-mulched Dry Farming on Nitrogen Nutrition and Quality of Rice

作　　者：苏胜齐[1] 王正银[1] 张敏[1] 胡小凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2006年第1期45-49,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2001AA246022和2004246020)资助

摘　　要：采用田间试验和化学分析方法,研究了3种缓释复合肥对覆膜旱作水稻生长、产量、叶片氮素形态、氮肥利用率和稻米品质的影响。结果表明,施用高氮型无机型缓释复合肥(SRF1)条件下,覆膜旱作(DF)水稻植株生长、产量、氮素营养和稻米品质优于常规淹水栽培(CF),DF和CF的氮肥表观利用率分别为64.90%和37.15%。同为覆膜旱作时,施用高氮型有机无机缓释复合肥(SRF2)的水稻农艺性状、产量及分蘖期和孕穗期植株叶片氨基酸、NO3--N含量较高,而植株叶片蛋白氮和全氮含量以高氮型无机缓释复合肥处理(SRF1)较高,氮肥表观利用率和农业利用率均以SRF2>SRF1>SRF3,氮肥生理利用率差异不大。覆膜旱作和施用缓释复合肥能提高稻米营养品质,稻米氨基酸和蛋白质含量与水稻分蘖期叶片的蛋白氮和全氮含量皆呈显著正相关。Under the condition of film-mulched dry farming （DF）, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three slow-release compound fertilizers i.e. high nitrogen inorganic （SRF1）, high nitrogen organicinorganic （SRF2） and low nitrogen organicinorganic （SRF3） on the growth characters and yield of rice, nitrogen forms in leaf , nitrogen recovery rate, contents of amino acid and protein in rice. Results indicated that the agronomic characters （plant height, tillering capacity, stem weight, panicle length and grain weight） and yields of rice and nutrient quality of rice in the DF treatment were better than that of conventional flooded （CF）. The nitrogen recovery rates of rice in the DF and the CF treatments were 69.90% and 37.15%, respectively. Under the condition of same dryland covered with plastic film, the rice agronomic characters and yields as well as the contents of amino acid and NO3^- -N in rice leaf at tillering and booting stages in the SRF2 treatment were the maximum, but the maximum of protein-N and total-N contents in rice leaf occurred in the SRF1 treatment. The apparent recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen for rice were in the order of SRF2〉SRF1〉SRF3 and whereas physiological efficiency of nitrogen had little difference. Applying slow-release compound fertilizers and dry cultivation could improve the nutrient quality of rice. The contents of amino acid and protein in rice were positively significantly related to the protein-N and total-N contents in leaf at tillering stage.

关 键 词：缓释复合肥 覆膜早作 氮紊营养 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学] S511.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]