山东半岛南部产卵场鳀鱼生殖群体结构及其变化  

Structure and its variation of the anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) spawning stock in the Southern waters to Shandong Peninsula

作　　者：李显森[1] 赵宪勇[1] 李凡[1] 李富国[1] 戴芳群[1] 朱建成[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》2006年第1期46-53,共8页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划项目(G19990437);国家自然科学基金项目(40476021)共同资助

摘　　要：根据2000～2004年在山东半岛南部鳃鱼（Engraulis japonicus）产卵场多学科综合调查所获得的资料及1991年等相关历史资料，从体长组成、集群特征、年龄结构、性腺成熟度、性成熟系数、性比、摄食强度等多个方面研究了鳃鱼生殖群体结构及其变化特征。结果表明：（1）鳃鱼生殖群体全长组成范围为6～16cm，优势长度9～12cm，长度组成年代际变化明显，生殖群体组成趋向小型化；（2）生殖群体由1-4龄鱼组成，与1991年相比1龄鱼比例增加，生殖群体的平均年龄减小；（3）6月上旬进入产卵盛期，鳃鱼雌性个体性腺成熟度以Ⅳ期、ⅤA期占优势，6月下旬Ⅳ期和ⅤA期比例减少，VB期和Ⅵ—Ⅳ期比例增加，7月上旬Ⅳ—Ⅲ期和Ⅳ—Ⅱ期比例占优势，盛产期结束；（4）鳃鱼生殖期间摄食强度较弱，空胃率超过60％。（5）生殖群体按个体大小集群产卵，各群聚优势长度组成存在明显差别，性腺发育程度不一致。本文还对鲤鱼资源衰退给生殖群体结构和种群补充造成的影响进行了初步讨论。Based on the data obtained from the integrated multi-disciplinary survey of the anchovy （Engraulis japonicus） spawning grounds in the southern waters to the Shandong Peninsula from 2000 to 2004 and the data from relevant historical studies of 1991 ,the structure with its annual and decadal variation of the anchovy spawning stock were investigated with respect to body length composition, schooling characteristics, age structure, maturity stage, gonadosomatic index,sex ratio,and feeding intensity. The results indicated that： （1）The total length of the anchovy ranged from 6 cm to 16 cm with the dominant length between 9 cm to 12 cm,inclining to miniaturization compared with that in 1991;（2）The spawning stock consisted of the anchovy with the ages from 1 year to 4 year. Compared with 1991 ,the mean age had reduced as the proportion of 1 year fish had increased;（3） The spawning stock reached the peak of spawning period in early June, with maturity stage Ⅳ and VA being the predominant stages in female bodies. Then the proportion of Ⅳ and ⅤA stage bodies decreased in late June while that of ⅤB and Ⅵ-Ⅳ stage bodies increased. The flouring spawning period ended in early July with Ⅳ-Ⅲ and Ⅳ-Ⅱ stage bodies occupying a dominant position; （4）Feeding intensity of the spawning stock was relatively weak during the spawning time, with empty stomach rate being more than 60% ;（5）The spawning stock spawned, clustering by individual size. Among different spawning aggregation of anchovy, the dominant TL compositions had obvious difference, and the maturity stage was not identical. The influences of anchovy resource decline upon the structure of spawning stock and its recruitment were discussed primarily in this paper.

关 键 词：鳀(Engraulisjaponicus) 生殖群体 年际变化 山东半岛南部 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]