莱阳地区梨锈病防治适期研究  

Optimum time for control of pear rust(Gymnosporangium haraeanum Syd.) with fungicides in Laiyang

作　　者：李保华[1] 董向丽[1] 张振芳[1] 赵洪海[1] 练森[1] 李宝笃[1] 

机构地区：[1]莱阳农学院植物保护系,山东莱阳265200

出　　处：《植物保护》2006年第1期69-73,共5页Plant Protection

基　　金：欧共体资助项目(SMADIA:ICA4CT200110001)

摘　　要：在山东莱阳地区，梨锈病菌冬孢子角自梨花现蕾期开始陆续成熟，成熟的冬孢子角遇1．5mm／d以上的降雨，萌发产生担孢子。经2～3次降雨后，冬孢全部萌发，以后不再产生担孢子。梨树初花后35d内对锈病最敏感，即为防治期。若该期内降雨量大干1．5mm／次、叶面结露时间长于7h／次，担孢子即可侵染。其侵染量与梨园周围越冬菌原的数量、降雨持续时间和品种抗病性等因子有关。田间试验表明：担孢子侵染后至病斑显症前（约7d）是内吸性杀菌剂防治的有效时期。病斑显症后只有少数杀菌剂能抑制病斑扩展，20．67％氟硅唑乳油、10％苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂3种药剂在病原菌侵入前喷施能有效地抑制担孢子侵染，持效期约7d；担孢子侵染后喷药能有效抑制病斑显症，因此，要特别关注梨树初花时第1次降雨后梨锈病的防治。The data obtained by field monitoring showed that the galls of pear rust began to mature during the budding period of pear flowers in Laiyang. The mature galls germinated and produced basidiospores under 〉1 mm rains All the galls finished germinating after 2 or 3 rains and no basidiospores were released after the galls ceased to germinate. The period from the beginning of pear bloom to the maturing of most leaves, which lasted for about 35 days, was the most susceptible stage for pear to rust. Pear rust needs to be controlled just in this period. During the period, pear rust infection occurred if there were 〉1.5mm rains that made leaves wet for 〉7h. The infection rate could he estimated based mainly on the amount of mature galls around the orchard and the duration of rains. The data collected from field experiments showed that the peri od from pathogen infection to symptom emergence （about 7 days） is critical to effective control of the disease with fungicides. After emergence of the symptoms, most fungicides lost their effects on lesion development. Besides inhibiting symptom emergence, the three system fungicides, Charisma, Score and Triadimefon, could prevent infection by basidiospores if applied before pathogen infection. The effect lasted for about 7 days. As for control of the disease, more attention should be paid to the infection during the first rain after pear bloom.

关 键 词：植物病理学 梨锈病 防治适期 药剂防治 

分 类 号：S436.612.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]