黄河下游断面法与沙量法冲淤计算成果比较及输沙率资料修正  

Comparison of the calculated sedimentation amount by different methods in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：申冠卿[1] 姜乃迁[1] 张原锋[1] 尚红霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2006年第1期32-37,共6页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会;水利部黄河水利委员会黄河联合研究基金项目(50279009)

摘　　要：由于黄河下游各站实测输沙率资料普遍存在漏测现象及部分测次单断沙关系代表性差等原因,造成断面法与沙量平衡法计算冲淤量在一些河段存在着定量甚至定性上的差别,以花园口以上和高村至艾山两河段表现最为突出。研究表明,黄河下游断面法冲淤量不存在累积性误差,它可以真实反映不同阶段泥沙在河道纵横向的沉积量及其随时间的变化过程;而沙量平衡法计算冲淤时在一些河段则存在明显的失真现象。野外观测的输沙率资料是研究洪水期泥沙调整与水沙间关系、深化河床演变基本规律的基础,为此有必要对输沙率资料进行修正。输沙率修正的主要是在爱因斯坦全沙计算结果分析的基础上,建立输沙率修正系数与实测含沙量间的关系,修正后的输沙率资料基本能反映黄河下游各河段的实际冲淤情况。There are two methods to calculate the sedimentation amount in the Lower Yellow River. One is based on the data of sediment transport rates, which is called transport rate method. The other is based on the cross section data, which is called cross section method. The paper is intended to compaire the sedimentation amounts by the two methods. The research results show that the cross section method doesn＇ t produce accumulative errors and so it can reflect the amounts of the longitudinal and lateral deposition and erosion accurately. In contrast, the transport rate method is found to produce a significant error in some parts of the Lower Yellow River due to the facts that some fractions of transport loads are not measured and that the correlative relationship between the mean concentration of the cross section and the concentrations of the samples at given locations is not representative. The paper also shows the correction to the transport rate method by the Einstein formula for total load. After the correction, the transport rate method is found to be able to reflect the real conditions of the sedimentation in the Lower Yellow River accurately.

关 键 词：黄河下游 断面法 沙量平衡法 冲淤量 

分 类 号：P332.5[天文地球—水文科学]