捕食线虫丝孢菌的菌寄生性测定  

Investigation of mycoparasitism of nematode—trapping fungi

作　　者：陈巧云[1] 张拥华[2] 李世东[2] 刘杏忠[3] 谭万忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆400716 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]中国科学院微生物研究所真菌地衣系统学重点实验室,北京100080

出　　处：《菌物学报》2006年第1期115-119,共5页Mycosystema

基　　金：中国科学院微生物研究所真菌地衣系统学重点实验室开放基金资助;农业部农作物病虫草害生物防治资源研究与利用重点开放实验室开放基金(LOBCR-01-08)

摘　　要：研究了节丛孢Arthrobotrys、单顶孢Monacrosporium和隔指孢Dactylella三个捕食线虫丝孢菌属16个菌株,对水稻立枯丝核菌RhizoctoniasolaniAG1、大豆核盘菌Sclerotiniasclerotiorum、茄科镰刀菌Fusariumsolani和恶疫霉Phytophthoracactorum四种常见土壤植物病原真菌的菌寄生性。结果表明供试菌可以通过弹簧式菌丝圈缠绕、类附着胞结构吸附、简单的菌丝缠绕或者贴附寄主菌丝生长四种方式寄生病原菌。其中,绝大多数菌株对立枯丝核病菌有寄生作用,一些供试真菌对其它三种病原真菌有寄生现象。利用孢子液浸泡法测定了其中5种捕食线虫真菌对核盘菌菌核的寄生能力,显示有较高寄生率。Sixteen isolates of nematode-trapping fungi, representing different trapping organs, were selected from Arthrobotrys spp., Monacrosporium spp., DactyleUa spp. to determine their mycoparasitism against Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani and Phytophthora cactorum. It was found that nematode-trapping fungal isolates were able to parasitize soil-bome plant pathogens by spring-like coiling ring, appressorium-like structure, simple hyphal-coil or sticky gtowth in dual cultures. Most isolates could petasitize hyphae of R. solani. Among them, A. vermicola, M. sinense, D. iridis and ,A. oligospora were demonstrated to form more abundant coiling rings. In contrary to R. solani, several isolates perasitized the other three host-fungi at low leveL M. janus parasitized hyphae of S. sclerotiorum by coiling ring. M. drechsleri and A. brochopaga were observed to be no effect on soil-borne plant pethogeas tested. On selerotia of S. sclerotiorum, five nematode-trapping fungi isolates showed high mycoparasitism.

关 键 词：真菌 土壤植物病原真菌 菌核 捕食器官 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]