机床横梁重力变位的自演进补偿  

Self-evolutionary compensation of machine tool crossbeam deformation induced by gravity

作　　者：张伯鹏[1] 张年松[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学精密仪器与机械学系,北京100084

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第2期191-193,共3页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家"九七三"基础研究基金项目(2003CB716204);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50375081)

摘　　要：为解决大型机床由于重力变位产生几何误差的问题,提出了利用制造信息差和自演进补偿技术改善制造装备精度的途径。得出了大型数控龙门铣床横梁重力变位的自演进补偿方法。在辅助梁上设置3个出力可控的液压千斤顶,利用遗传算法来实现自演进机制。仿真结果显示,龙门铣床横梁变位为-9μm,和大型机床现行工业标准中平面度为45μm相比对,只占20%;转角在±6μrad以内。横梁变形和工业比对说明了这种补偿方法的有效性。Crossbeam deformation induced by the gravitational force is one of the main sources of geometrical errors in large machine tools. A self evolutionary compensation approach was developed to reduce the crossbeam deformation induced by the gravitational force on a large numerically controlled gantry milling machine. Three hydraulic actuators were distributed on an auxiliary beam for the compensation with the genetic algorithm used for the self-evolutionary mechanism. The general flexibility of the crossbeam was reduced to 9μm and a general obliquity inside of ± 6 μrad. This flexibility is only 20 percent of the current industrial standard so this compensation method can be used to greatly improve machining accuracy.

关 键 词：机床精度 重力变位 自演进补偿 遗传算法 

分 类 号：TG502.13[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]