我国山区城镇泥石流灾害及其成因  

Debris Flow Hazards and Their Formation Causes in Mountain Urban Area of China

作　　者：谢洪[1] 钟敦伦[1] 韦方强[1] 李泳[1] 马东涛[1] 杨坤 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]北京市水土保持工作总站,北京100036

出　　处：《山地学报》2006年第1期79-87,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：中国科学院"九五"重大项目"中国山区城镇泥石流综合防治技术"(KZ951-81-202);中国科学院特别支持项目"山地灾害--泥石流滑坡基础研究"第三期~~

摘　　要：我国受泥石流危害与威胁的县级及以上城镇达150余个,分布在20个省级行政区及特别行政区内,占省级行政区划总数的58.82%。灾害具有如下特征:城镇人口密度大,建筑物多,财产集中,因而泥石流的成灾率高,造成的人员伤亡多、财产损失重,并严重地制约了城镇及辐射区的经济发展。造成灾害的主要原因:受山区地形条件的限制,城镇选址困难,一些城镇不得不设在泥石流活动区;一些新建城镇选址时对泥石流的危害性认识不足,设在了泥石流危险区;在相当长的一段时间里,山区城镇发展缺乏合理规划和相应的防灾规划;与泥石流争地及破坏生态环境等不合理的人类经济活动增多,增大了泥石流的危害范围、活动规模与活动频率;防灾工程标准较低等。城镇泥石流灾害的防治应从其特征与成因着手进行。The recent statistics of debris flow in China shows that more than 150 county towns and cities suffer and are endangered by debris flow hazards, among which Lanzhou, Xining, Taiyuan, Guiyang and Lhasa et al. 5 capital cities and Hongkong suffer more serious damages of debris flow disaster. Debris flows distribute in 20 provinces,municipalities, autonomous regions and special administrative regions, occupying the province class the administrative area total amount of 58.82%. Nearly 4 100 peoples are killed in mountain urban area where are county towns and higher level towns than county town during last 200 years. The debris flow in mountain urban area usually generate huge property damages and serious human death and injury because of large population, dense buildings and dwellers, which seriously obstructs the economic development and radiation areas of the cities and towns in China. The destructive forms of debris flow in urban area are washing, destroying and submerging urban establishments, sometimes the backwaters caused by blockage of debris flow dams flood urban area. The main reason for formation of debris flow disasters in the mountain urban area as follows： （ 1 ） confining by the geographic and landform condition in mountain and valley area, it is difficulty to choose suitable and safe position for urban reconstruction and some towns and cities have to establish in the area of debris flow activity; （2） some new towns and cities are set up in dangerous area of debris flow due to not correctly understanding and distinguishing debris flow hazards; （3） the urban reconstruction and development lack the reasonable and scientific urban programming and disaster prevention programming in a long period; （4） with development and expansion of the modern urbanization, the destruction of eco - environment and unreasonable exploring activities of human being also enlarge the dangerous scope, active scale and outburst frequencies of debris flow; （5） standard of urban disaster prevention engineer

关 键 词：城镇泥石流 灾害 成因 特征 危害方式 

分 类 号：P642.23[天文地球—工程地质学]