话语标记“你看”、“我看”与现实情态  

Discourse Markers “Nikan”and “Wo kan” and Realis

作　　者：陈振宇[1] 朴珉秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海200433

出　　处：《语言科学》2006年第2期3-13,共11页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：本文研究“我看”“你看”的情态意义和语用条件。按能否变换为“依我看”“依你看”,将它们分为“你看1”、“我看1”和“你看2”。“你看1”和“我看1”表示认识情态、道义情态,是非现实标记;“你看2”表示提请注意,是现实标记。本文分别了提议与计划,“直接道义情态的提议”和“间接道义情态的提议”。通过对“现实/非现实”的考察,得到以下语用条件:1)“我看1”不与(对说者而言)一定确证的事件搭配;2)“你看1”不与(对听者而言)一定确证的事件搭配;3)“你看2”不与直接道义情态的提议搭配。最后,本文选取了“我看”“你看”的6条性质进行推理,以回答对某一特定的句子,究竟用“你看1”“我看1”“你看2”中的哪一个。This paper studies the modal meanings and pragmatic conditions of the discourse markers＂ni kan＂and ＂wo kan＂. The authors divide them into ＂ni kan1＂＂wo kan1 ni kan2＂ according to the possibility of transforming into ＂yi ni kan＂＂yi wo kan＂. ＂Ni kan1＂ and ＂Wo kan1＂ express epistemie and deontie meanings, and are irrealis markers; ＂Ni kan2＂ is applied to ask the listener to pay attention to something, and is a realis marker. This paper distinguishes the differences between suggestion and plan, and between ＂direct deontic suggestion＂ and ＂indirect deontic suggestion＂. Through the investigation of ＂realis/ irrealis＂, the paper concludes the followings points. 1）＂Wo kan1＂ cannot be used in the events hat have been asserted by the speaker; 2）＂ Ni kanl＂ cannot be used in the events that have been asserted by the listener; 3）＂Ni kan2＂ cannot be used in the direct deontie suggestion. At last, the paper practises 6 properties of ＂ni kan＂ and ＂wo kan＂ in the reasoning in order to answer the.question, which of ＂hi kan1＂＂ wo kan1＂＂ni kan2＂ can be used in a certain sentence.

关 键 词：“你看1”“我看1”“你看2” 情态 现实 非现实 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]