垂花悬铃花雌雄配子体发育研究  

Studies on Female and Male Gametophytes Development of Malvaviscus arboreus var. penduliflorus

作　　者：章宁[1] 苏明华[1] 林清洪[1] 林杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省亚热带植物研究所福建省亚热带植物生理生化重点实验室,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《亚热带植物科学》2006年第1期25-28,共4页Subtropical Plant Science

基　　金：福建省重大科技计划项目(99-I-1);(2000I001)资助

摘　　要：对垂花悬铃花雄配子体发育观察表明,其花药由表皮(1层)、药室内层(1层)、中层(2层)、绒毡层(1层)及造孢细胞组成,花药四室,药壁发育为双子叶型。雄配子体发育经由花粉母细胞减数分裂形成四分体,该四分体胞质分裂为同时型,四分体排列方式为四面体型,十字交叉型及左右对称型;小孢子再经有丝分裂形成营养核和生殖核,生殖核再经有丝分裂形成3-核花粉。花药壁层的变化,在单核小孢子期,表皮细胞解体,仅留下痕迹;中层在花粉母细胞期逐渐消失;药室内壁在单核小孢子期开始纤维化;绒毡层在单核小孢子期消失,属变形绒毡层。雌配子体发育观察表明,其子房上位,5室,每室1个胚珠,胚珠弯生,中轴胎座,大多数胚珠发育停留在珠心形成阶段,极少数珠心形成一群孢原细胞及单核、双核胚囊。The anther of Malvavisus arboreus vat. penduliflorus consists of epidermis （one layer）, endothecium （one layer）, middle layer （two layer）, tapetum （one layer） and aporgenous cells. The anther has four chambers and the development of anther wall is dicotyledonous type. The microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development are observed as follows： with the meiosis of microspore mother cells, tetrad is formed, of whish the cytokinesis is simultaneous type and the arrangements are tetrahedral, crossing and leE-right symmetrical; the microspores complete the mitosis and generate double-nucleus pollen; the generative nucleous complete the mitosis again and generate three-nucleus pollen. The eoidermis disappears at the uninuclear microspore stage, the middle layer disappear at the pollen mother cell stage, the endothecium forms fibrous layer at uninuclear microspore stage, and the tapetum cells disappear at the uninuclear microspore stage and the tapetum is amoeboid one. The female gametophyte development is observed to indicate epigynous ovary, five locules, one ovule per locule, carpylotropous,axial placenta; most of ovules development stop at the nucellus formation stage and a few of nucellus form many archesporied cells, uninuclear and double-nucleus embryos.

关 键 词：垂花悬铃花 雄配子体 雌配子体 发育 

分 类 号：Q942.4[生物学—植物学] Q949.757.3