植物对NH^＋4毒害的敏感性及与多胺和乙烯的关系  

The Relationship between Ammonium Toxicity Sensitivity and Polyamine Accumulation and Ethylene in Plants

作　　者：黄芳[1] 石兰馨 曹仪植[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生物学系

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》1996年第1期102-107,共6页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：将４种植物黄瓜（ＣｕｃｕｍｉｓｓｔａｔｉｖｕｅｓＬ．）白兰瓜（ＣｕｃｕｍｉｓｍｅｌｏｃｖＢａｉｌａｎ）、番茄（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｏｎｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍＭｉｌｌ）及辣椒（ＣａｐｓｉｃｕｍｆｒｕｄｅｓｖｅｎｓＬ．）幼苗置于以ＮＯ３－态Ｎ为Ｎ源的Ｈｏａｇｌａｎｄ及Ｓｎｙｄｅｒ营养液或含有１０～４０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４＋的上述营养液中培养一周发现，黄瓜对ＮＨ４＋毒害最为敏感，白兰瓜和番茄次之，而辣椒具有较强抗性．对多胺与乙烯的测定结果表明。高ＮＨ４＋胁迫下叶片中腐胺（Ｐｕｔ）含量及地上部分乙烯释放速率均高于以ＮＯ３－态Ｎ为Ｎ源的对照；相同ＮＨ４＋浓度下二者增加幅度黄瓜又大于辣椒．亚精胺（Ｓｐｄ）和精胺（Ｓｐｍ）含量辣椒高于黄瓜．Ｋ＋补充可减轻ＮＨ４＋对黄瓜的毒害作用．本文就植物对ＮＨ４＋毒害的不同敏感性及其与内源多胺和乙烯的关系进行了探讨．Cucumber, melon, tomato and hot pepper plants were screened for their sensitivities to 10～40 mmmol/L NH4 applications. Foliar epinastic and chloratic showed on all species but hot pepper. The stem lesions formed only on tomatos. Of the species tested, cucumber was the susceptible species to NH4 treatment, whereas hot pepper was the most tolerant one. The accumulation of Put in leaves and the rate of ethylene evolution in shoots of cucumber were higher than those of hot pepper, but the contents of Spd and Spm were reverse. K+ application lowered Put content and rate of ethylene evolution stimulated by NH4 toxicity. The contents of Spd and Spm, however, were increased in cucumber leaves. It is pastulated that the tolerance to NH4 toxicity in plant is more closely related to polyamine,especially to the level of Spd and Spm.

关 键 词：多胺 乙烯 植物 敏感性 氮素 铵离子毒害 

分 类 号：S481.1[农业科学—农药学]