中国地区对流参数化加热廓线的分析研究和数值试验  

A STUDY ON THE VERTICAL PROFILES OF CONVECTIVE HEATING OVER CHINA AND NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS

作　　者：朱蓉[1] 徐大海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院

出　　处：《应用气象学报》1996年第2期221-228,共8页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金："八五"攻关课题

摘　　要：为了使ＭＭ４模式在我国范围内得到很好的应用，需用我国的气候资料对ＭＭ４模式中的对流加热参数进行统计分析，以适应我国各地区气候状态．为此，本文选取了１９９０～１９９３年６～８月的常规探空资料，采用郭氏的对流参数化方案，放宽假设后直接计算求得各站点各时次的对流加热率参数，再按气象站的站区分区进行统计．结果表明：黄河以南地区，对流云上、下部的垂直加热率比较均匀，加热廓线峰值偏低，为σ＝０．６５～０．８０，对流云顶也比较高．黄河以北地区，对流云中的垂直加热率分布不均匀，加热集中于某一层上，加热廓线峰值出现在σ＝０．５０～０．６５，对流云顶相对低一些，这与各地区气候背景和局地环流有关．由此预报的雨量更接近实况，从而提高了ＭＭ４模式各等级雨量预报的准确率，减少了空报率．In order to use MM4 model successfully in the whole region of China,it is necessary to improve the cumulus convective heating parameters in MM4 model based on the statistical analysis of real climatic data in China.The routine radiosonde data in June-Aug.,1990-1993 are collected to calculate the vertical profile of convective heating directly at each station for each time level using Kuo's scheme without unnecessary simplifications.The calculated results are then taken statistically in terms of the district of meteorological stations. The results show that the peak values of the profiles at upper and lower parts in convective clouds are all lower(the peak values σ=0.65-0.80)than the originals in MM4 model,and that the vertical distribution of heating rate on the region south of the Yellow River is rather uniform,but on the region north of the Yellow River the heating is mostly concentrated on some layer(the peak values σ=0.50-0.65).All these are related to the climate condition and local circulation in each area of China. Substituting these vertical profiles of convective heating for the original heating parameters in MM4 model,it is found that the forecast accuracy on each precipitation level is improved greatly and the false alarm ratio is decreased during the last years of operational application.

关 键 词：积云 对流参数化 加热廓线 数值试验 

分 类 号：P421.31[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]